Medscape盘点|2018年度心血管领域的Top研究

2018-12-24 小循 中国医学论坛报今日循环

2018年心血管领域多项重磅研究、重要指南相继发布,疾病治疗理念与技术更新的步伐也在加速,这些重要的进展也在促使我们的临床实践发生着悄然改变。

2018年血管领域多项重磅研究、重要指南相继发布,疾病治疗理念与技术更新的步伐也在加速,这些重要的进展也在促使我们的临床实践发生着悄然改变。

回首2018,哪些可以称得上是血管领域的“大事件”。近日知名医学资讯网站Medscape发布了2018年度心血管领域的Top研究盘点,聚焦血脂管理、阿司匹林一级预防房颤、结构性心脏病等领域。您眼中的“大事记”又有哪些呢,欢迎留言,与我们分享您的观点~

01、2018血脂管理进展

鼓舞人心的ODYSSEY OUTCOMES

ODYSSEY OUTCOMES研究堪称2018美国心脏病学会年会(ACC2018)最新临床试验专场中最受学者关注的一项研究。

ODYSSEY OUTCOMES研究共纳入18924例经强化他汀治疗LDL-C仍高于70 mg/dL的ACS患者,在维持现有最佳治疗的基础上随机分为两组:PCSK9全人单克隆抗体Alirocumab干预组或安慰剂组。

经过中位随访时间为2.8年的治疗,ODYSSEY OUTCOMES研究终于证实了其科学设想,公布了其鼓舞人心的结果:PCSK9组不仅心血管主要终点事件显著降低15%,且全因死亡风险降低15%;与此同时,除了注射部位局部反应之外,没有出现包括新发糖尿病、认知障碍、出血性卒中、白内障等在内的任何安全性问题。点击查看详情

VITAL、REDUCE IT研究各执一词:鱼油、维D究竟获益如何?

VITAL研究:补充维生素D和ω-3脂肪酸既不能降低总体癌症风险,也不能降低主要心血管事件风险

2018美国心脏协会年会(AHA2018)上发布的VITAL结果指出,补充维生素D和ω-3脂肪酸对受试者的心血管疾病和癌症风险没有影响。研究结果同期发表于《新英格兰医学杂志》。

VITAL研究纳入了25871例50岁及以上既往无癌症和心血管疾病的受试者,随机接受维生素D联合ω-3脂肪酸和空白安慰剂的治疗。

5.3年的随访结果提示,是否服用维生素D和ω-3脂肪酸对主要心血管事件(心肌梗死、中风或心血管死亡)的发生率没有任何影响。同样,在新发的癌症方面,实验组和对照组之间也没有明显差异。

尽管研究得到了阴性的结果,但是在随后的亚组分析中,通过体质量指数(BMI)进行分组后发现,体重正常的受试者似乎能通过服用维生素D和ω-3脂肪酸降低新发癌症的风险。另外,在随访的第2年后,从第3年开始能够观察到维生素D和ω-3脂肪酸降低了癌症死亡率,相关亚组分析的结果仍有待进一步确认。点击查看详情

REDUCE-IT:高剂量ω-3脂肪酸预防心血管疾病效果显著

与令人失望的VITAL研究研究不同,同时公布于AHA2018上公布的REDUCE-IT研究发现,在患有心血管疾病或糖尿病的甘油三酯水平异常升高的人群中,高剂量的ω-3脂肪酸能够带来显著获益。该研究也同期发表于《新英格兰医学杂志》。

REDUCE-IT试验入选了8179名患者(70%患确诊心血管病,30%患糖尿病和其他危险因素),已经服用他汀并且甘油三酯升高[135~499 mg/dL(1.5~5.6 mmol/L)),LDL-C水平在41~100 mg/dL之间。被随机分配到ω-3脂肪酸组(每日总剂量4 g)或安慰剂组,随访中位数为4.9年。

ω-3脂肪酸组有17.2%的患者发生主要终点事件,而安慰剂组患者为22.0%。在不良反应方面,ω-3脂肪酸组显示房颤和严重出血事件住院率略有增加。

2018版AHA/ACC胆固醇临床实践指南发布

AHA2018上2018版AHA/ACC胆固醇临床实践指南正式发布,指南全文同步发表于《循环》(Circulation)杂志和《美国心脏病学会杂志》(JACC)。

●新版指南指出,任何年龄段的高胆固醇都会增加终生罹患心脏病和卒中的风险,健康的生活方式仍是降低患病风险的第一步。

●新版指南建议进行更详细的风险评估,以帮助医疗服务提供者更好地评估个体风险,制定个性化治疗方案。

●在某些情况下,冠脉钙化评分可以帮助确定个体对降胆固醇治疗的需求。

●虽然他汀类药物仍然是降胆固醇的首选药,但对于已经患有心脏病或卒中且使用某种药物存在高风险的患者来说,可以选择新的药物。对于该类患者,药物选择应采用分步方式,首先采用高强度他汀类药物治疗,如LDL-C水平仍未达标,则加入伊折麦布,如需进一步降低胆固醇,则加入PCSK9抑制剂。

02、阿司匹林一级预防

ASCEND研究:糖尿病患者小剂量阿司匹林一级预防策略是一把“双刃剑”

ASCEND研究是无心血管疾病糖尿病患者的阿司匹林一级预防随机对照研究,纳入了15480例受试者,服用阿司匹林(100 mg/d)或安慰剂,平均随访7.4年。

结果显示,主要有效性终点事件阿司匹林组低于安慰剂组(8.5%对9.6%),主要安全性终点阿司匹林组大出血事件率高于安慰剂组(4.1%对3.2%)。

阿司匹林100 mg/d可降低12%的严重血管事件、升高大出血风险29%,不增加致命性出血及出血性卒中的发生率。点击查看详情

ARRIVE研究:不是所有人都可以用阿司匹林来做心血管疾病的一级预防

ARRIVE研究是一项大规模多中心随机、双盲、安慰剂对照临床试验,共纳入12546例中等心血管病风险、排除糖尿病及高出血风险的患者,男性≥55岁、女性≥60岁、平均63.9岁,随机服用阿司匹林100 mg/d(6270例)或安慰剂(6276例)。平均随访60个月。

结果显示,主要终点事件阿司匹林组269例(4.29%)、安慰剂组281例(4.48%),无统计学差异;肠道出血事件(主要是轻微出血)阿司匹林组61例(0.97%)安慰剂组29例(0.46%),阿司匹林组出血风险显著增加。点击查看详情

ASPREE研究:“重压之下”,阿司匹林一级预防何去何从

发表于《新英格兰医学杂志》的ASPREE研究纳入19114例年龄≥70岁的老年人(或美国黑种人和西班牙人年龄≥65岁),随机分为肠溶阿司匹林100 mg/d组和安慰剂组,随访4.7年。

结果显示,阿司匹林组心血管事件的发生率10.7次/***•年,对照组11.3次/***•年;两组严重出血事件的发生率分别是8.6次/***•年和6.2次/***•年;提示阿司匹林显著增加主要出血事件的风险,不降低心血管疾病风险。阿司匹林组全因死亡率为12.7次/***•年,对照组为11.1次/***•年。

阿司匹林组癌症相关死亡3.1%,对照组为2.3%,提示阿司匹林组全因死亡率更高,主要为癌症相关死亡。

阿司匹林组死亡、痴呆或不可逆肢体残疾的复合事件发生率为21.5次/***•年,对照组为21.2次/***•年。阿司匹林组严重出血发生率高于对照组,提示健康老年人群服用阿司匹林不延长5年无残疾生存期,增加严重出血发生率。

03、经皮二尖瓣修复术

MITRA-FR研究:新技术“出师不利”

ESC2018的重磅研究MITRA-FR研究纳入304例原发性重度MR患者,随机分为介入治疗组(MitraClip+药物治疗)和药物治疗组。

介入治疗组8例患者放弃手术,仅有6例患者手术失败,因此技术成功率为95.8%;出院时,91.9%患者MR降至2+或以下,75.6%患者MR降低至1+或以下。

可见,MitraClip的急性成功率还是比较高的。然而在12个月时,介入治疗组和药物治疗组的主要终点并无差异,死亡率也无差异。点击查看详情

COAPT研究:心衰、二尖瓣治疗的重磅突破

COAPT研究于2018美国经导管心血管治疗年会(TCT2018)上发布,研究同步发表于《新英格兰医学杂志》。研究结果显示,在心衰和严重功能性二尖瓣关闭不全(MR)患者中使用MitraClip不仅显着降低了心衰再入院的主要终点,还降低了2年死亡率。

该研究纳入78个中心614例心衰合并3-4级继发性MR的患者,随机分为标准药物治疗组以及MitraClip组,随访24个月。

对照组年化再住院率为67.9%,MitraClip组为35.8%,相对下降了47%。对照组2年死亡率为46.1%,MitraClip组为29.1%,绝对下降比为17%,相对下降比为38%。器械12个月安全率为96.6%。

其他一些次要终点,MitraClip组表现同样惊艳。MitraClip组存活者中,12个月时候的MR≤2级(即有效率)高达94.8%,2年时候达99.1%,显示出优异的治疗效果,甚至优于著名CTSN研究中外科手术效果(86%)。6分钟步行距离改善、生活质量评分改善、NYHA评级、左心室逆重构都非常显著地优于药物治疗组。

04、消融治疗房颤未优于药物?

最大规模CABANA试验结果引发争议

2018美国心律学会科学年会上报告了CABANA研究的结果,这是迄今为止规模最大的比较导管消融和药物治疗房颤的随机对照研究,结果显示射频消融组在降低复合终点方面未优于药物治疗。

该研究共入选2204例由于阵发性或持续性心房颤动患者,随机分组进行消融或用节律控制药物进行药物治疗,平均随访48个月。

根据意向性分析(ITT)原则,两组患者的主要终点没有显着差异,药物组为9.2%,消融组为8%。主要终点的各个组成部分也没有显着差异。

次要终点分析显示,消融治疗组死亡率或心血管病住院率显著降低,从58.1%降至51.7%,消融也与房颤复发的显着减少相关,研究中射频消融没有安全问题。

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    2019-07-26 feather89
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    2019-10-07 smlt2008
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    2018-12-26 zhaojie88
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    2018-12-26 hb2008ye
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    2018-12-24 惠映实验室

    学习了,谢谢分享。

    0

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    2018-12-24 天地飞扬

    学习,谢谢分享!

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