JACC:长时间工作或增加心脏病复发几率

2021-03-30 K.K MedSci原创

全球约有1/5的工人每周工作48小时以上,超过6.14亿人。

血管疾病是导致死亡的主要原因。现在人们认识到,工作环境的一些特点可能对心血管健康产生不利。工作时间长是经常发生的事。根据国际劳工局的数据,全球约有1/5的工人每周工作48小时以上,超过6.14亿人。

美国和欧洲的人口数据也表明长时间工作时很普遍,2010年和2015年分别有19%的美国人和15%的欧洲人工作时间超过48小时 。过去的前瞻性研究已经记录了长工作时间对心血管健康的有害影响 。最近的一项综述表明,长工作时间与冠心病和中风的发病率有关。

近日,发表在《美国心脏病学院杂志》上的一项前瞻性队列研究显示,在心脏病发作后,重返工作岗位的患者中,每周工作时间超过55小时的患者与每周工作35-40小时的患者相比,发作二次心脏病的几率会增加约2倍。

 

Xavier Trudel et al. Long Working Hours and Risk of Recurrent Coronary Events.Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2021).DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.02.012

这项研究在1995年~1997年期间,从加拿大魁北克省的30家医院招募了967名患者。患者有心脏病发作史,年龄小于60岁,在心脏病发作前一年内有在工作,并计划重返工作岗位。在随后的6年中,进行了随访、问卷调查。

根据每周的总工作时间,参与者个人被分为四类。

1)非全职业(21-34小时/周),

2)全职业(35-40小时/周),

3)低强度加班(41-54小时/周),

4)中/高强度加班(>55小时/周)。

研究人员利用一份评估问卷,来衡量工作压力的程度。如果参与者在工作中心理压力大和决策能力低,他们就被归类为工作紧张。研究结果发现:有205名参与者发生了复发性冠心病事件(21.2%)。总体年发病率为每100例有3.6例。

每周工作超过55小时的人中,男性比例过高(这部分男性占所有男性的10.7%,这部分女性占所有女性的1.9%);年轻人在超过55小时比例中也过高。这部分人群出现高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、酒精摄入、缺乏运动和工作紧张的情况较多。此外,每周工作时间最多的参与者中,有严重心理困扰的人占12.4%。

在未调整的分析中,长工作时间(≥55小时/周vs.35~40小时/周)与复发性CHD(冠心病)风险增加2倍相关(HR:2.00;95%CI:1.36~2.95)。在调整的分析中,控制了一些因素后,长工作时间仍与复发性CHD的风险相关(HR:1.67;95% CI:1.10至2.53)。与工作35~40小时/周、且工作不紧张的人群相比,工作≥55小时/周、工作紧张的人患复发性CHD风险最高(HR:2.55;95%CI:1.30~4.98)。

 

首次心肌梗塞发作后,患者重返岗位的工作时间长与再发心脑血管疾病的风险

 

工作时间40 h/周后危险比不断增加

Trudel说。"长工作时间应作为早期和后续常规临床随访的一部分进行评估,以改善心脏病发作后患者的预后。"

加州大学洛杉矶分校菲尔丁公共卫生学院和护理学院教授、医学博士李健在随文评论中表示,该研究结果对临床实践有重要意义,如对心脏病患者应采取二级预防措施。

"该研究提供了一个新研究证据,即工作相关因素在冠心病预后中起着重要作用。"李建国说。"职业健康服务需纳入心血管疾病二级预防指南。"当然,这项研究有几个局限性,包括女性参与者的样本量较小等。

 

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    2022-01-02 hbwxf
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    2021-03-30 wxl882001

    了解

    0

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    2021-03-30 ms2000001361349190

    打工人打工混

    0

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    2021-03-30 jyzxjiangqin

    好义章!

    0

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    2021-03-30 营养医师

    是时候好好摸鱼了

    0

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