BMC Med:成人2型糖尿病患者的糖尿病肾病和卒中风险

2022-05-13 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

2型糖尿病患者中风负担的增加在很大程度上是由该人群中代谢综合征成分的高患病率引起的。

背景:动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)是2型糖尿病患者发病率和死亡率的重要原因。2型糖尿病ASCVD的巨大负担,主要是冠状动脉疾病(CAD)和中风,构成了该人群的主要公共卫生问题,并导致了重大的残疾和医疗保健成本。糖尿病与3倍的年龄调整中风风险和更高的中风后死亡率相关。2型糖尿病患者中风负担的增加在很大程度上是由该人群中代谢综合征成分的高患病率引起的。然而,越来越多的证据表明,其他因素如糖尿病相关的微血管并发症也可能起作用。事实上,糖尿病视网膜病变被发现与2型糖尿病患者中风的高风险相关。2型糖尿病患者其他血管区域(如肾脏)的微血管疾病对中风的影响很少受到关注。

目的:我们旨在利用控制糖尿病心血管风险行动(ACCORD)研究的数据,评估尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(UACR)、估计肾小球滤过率(eGFR)和慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)早期(G1-G3)异常(KDIGO[肾脏疾病:改善总体结果]分类与成年2型糖尿病患者中风风险之间的关系。我们假设肾功能异常和恶化的CKD分期与卒中事件的高风险相关。

方法:纳入来自控制糖尿病心血管风险行动(ACCORD)研究的二型糖尿病患者,基线时无卒中史。在基线时评估尿白蛋白/肌酐比(UACR)和估计的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)。根据KDIGO(肾脏疾病:改善全球结果)指南定义CKD类别。Cox比例风险回归模型用于计算与肾功能和CKD类别相关的中风风险比(HR)和95%可信区间(CI)。

结果:共纳入9170名参与者(平均年龄62.8 [SD: 6.6]岁,38.2%为女性,62.9%为白人)。在中位数为4.9年的随访中(四分位距:4.0-5.7),156名参与者发生了中风(发病率为3.6/1000人年[95% CI为3.0-4.2])。校正相关混杂因素后,较高的UACR和较低的表皮生长因子受体均与中风风险增加相关。与UACR < 30 mg/g相比,中度蛋白尿和重度蛋白尿与中风风险增加相关(HR分别为1.61[95% CI 1.12–2.32]和2.29[95% CI 1.39–3.80])。与eGFR≥60毫升/分钟/1.73米2相比,eGFR降低(eGFR < 60毫升/分钟/1.73米2)与更高的中风风险相关(HR 1.50,95% CI 0.98–2.29)。与无CKD患者相比,CKD分期恶化与中风风险增加相关(CKD G1患者的风险比为1.76[95% CI 1.10–2.83],CKD G2患者的风险比为1.77[95% CI 1.13–2.75],CKD G3患者的风险比为2.03[95% CI 1.27–3.24])。

表1根据肾功能指标计算的卒中发病率和风险比

表2按肾功能综合指标划分的卒中发病率和风险比

图1按CKD分期(A)和CKD风险类别(B)划分的卒中累积发病率。根据KDIGO临床实践指南对CKD进行分类:(1)无CKD定义为eGFR ≥ 60,UACR < 30;(2) CKD G1,如eGFR ≥ 90,UACR≥30;(3) CKD G2,如eGFR在60 ~ 89之间,UACR≥30;(4) CKD G3,eGFR在30和59之间,不考虑UACR。eGFR和UACR将CKD风险分类为:(1)低风险,如eGFR ≥ 60,UACR < 30;(2)中度风险,as (45 ≤ eGFR < 60且UACR < 30)或(eGFR ≥ 60且30≤UACR≤300);(3)高风险,as (30 ≤ eGFR < 44且UACR< 30)或(45 ≤ eGFR < 60且30 ≤ UACR ≤ 300)或(eGFR ≥ 60且UACR > 300);(4)非常高的风险,如(30 ≤ eGFR < 44,30 ≤ UACR ≤ 300)或(30 ≤ eGFR < 60,UACR > 300)。CKD表示慢性肾脏疾病;估计肾小球滤过率;肾脏疾病:改善全球结果;UACR,尿白蛋白肌酐比

表3按KDIGO CKD分类的中风发病率和风险比

图2 按年龄组和CKD阶段划分的卒中事件风险比。风险比根据性别、种族、治疗组、糖尿病持续时间、A1C血红蛋白、吸烟、饮酒进行调整;体重指数、总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比、收缩压、使用降压药物、房颤和心血管疾病史、使用抗血小板药物(包括阿司匹林)/抗凝剂、利尿剂、ACEI/ARB。根据KDIGO临床实践指南对CKD进行分类:(1)无CKD定义为eGFR ≥ 60,UACR < 30;(2) CKD G1,如eGFR ≥ 90,UACR≥30;(3) CKD G2,如eGFR在60 ~ 89之间,UACR≥30;(4) CKD G3,eGFR在30和59之间,不考虑UACR。ACEI表示血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂;血管紧张素ⅱ受体阻滞剂;BP,血压;CKD,慢性肾脏疾病;估计肾小球滤过率;高密度脂蛋白;肾脏疾病:改善全球结果;UACR,尿白蛋白肌酐比

结论:在一个大样本的成年2型糖尿病患者中,蛋白尿增加和早期CKD恶化阶段与卒中事件的高风险独立相关。

原文出处: Kaze AD,  Jaar BG,  Fonarow GC, et al.Diabetic kidney disease and risk of incident stroke among adults with type 2 diabetes.BMC Med 2022 Mar 29;20(1)

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    2022-05-13 ms4000001629932559

    很好

    0

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    2022-05-13 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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