Pediatrics:“烟雾报警器”的选择也有学问——儿童对烟雾警报信号存在年龄依赖性反应

2022-05-21 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

所有报警类型的中位唤醒时间和中位逃跑时间均随儿童年龄的增加而减少。

在美国,住宅火灾是造成人员伤亡的重要原因,火灾中5至12岁的儿童死亡率高于35岁以下的青少年和成年人。烟雾报警器是一种预防火灾的重要手段,然而,烟雾警报器的重点是检测烟雾或热量,虽然在大多数家庭中发现的高频音调警报器能唤醒成年人,但它们在唤醒儿童方面并不足够有效。

Smith等人和Bruck等人的研究表明,儿童确实会对高频音调以外的报警信号做出反应。这些报警信号包括男声、女声、低频音以及女声和低频音的组合。此外,这些替代报警信号有效地唤醒了熟睡的成年人和老年人。以前没有人试图描述儿童时期烟雾警报器的反应是如何随年龄变化的。本研究旨在评估5 ~ 12岁儿童对各种烟雾报警信号的年龄依赖性反应。

利用之前3项研究的综合数据,研究者评估了儿童不同年龄对4种烟雾警报(人声、混合声调、低频声调和高频声调)反应的影响。

共纳入540名受试者(中位年龄9岁;51.7%为男性)。对于4种报警类型,5岁至12岁的儿童每成长一年,对警报器产生及时逃亡反应的比例在统计学上显著增加(P<0.001),增幅为3.1%至7.6%。同样,不同年龄儿童对4种报警类型中每种类型的逃逸比例也有统计学意义(P<0.001),唤醒或逃脱的受试者比例在性别上没有显著差异。所有报警类型的中位唤醒时间和中位逃跑时间均随儿童年龄的增加而减少。

按儿童年龄和报警类型及时逃亡的儿童比例

总之,这项研究证明了儿童年龄对烟雾报警器有效性的实质性影响。在12岁的儿童中,只有56.3%的人在1分钟内(67.6%的人在2分钟内)对高频音调产生反应。然而,在9岁及以上的儿童中,混合语音低频音调警报在1分钟内唤醒和提示逃跑的效果大于96%。

参考文献:Smith GA, Kistamgari S, Splaingard M. AgeDependent Responsiveness to Smoke Alarm Signals Among Children. Pediatrics. 2022;149(5):e2022056460.

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    2022-06-03 feather89