Pediatrics:2014-2019年美国常见儿科手术后常规阿片类药物的使用趋势

2022-05-21 liangying MedSci原创

自2017年起,填写阿片类药物处方的儿童比例和分发的阿片类药物数量均大幅下降,这种下降的开始因年龄组和手术的不同而不同。

阿片类药物通常用于与轻中度疼痛相关的普通儿科手术。然而,有证据表明,无论是使用有限的阿片类药物还是不使用阿片类药物,康复情况都是相似的。儿童中,术后过度阿片类药物暴露与不良结果相关,如呼吸抑制等。研究评估了术后阿片类药物处方随时间的变化趋势,以确定处方是否减少。

研究者们使用了一个私人保险数据库研究年龄小于18岁患者的阿片类药物使用情况,他们在2014年至2019年期间至少接受了8例外科手术中的1例。主要观察指标为术后7天内填写阿片类药物处方的可能性,次要观察指标为阿片类药物处方总量。使用Joinpoint回归分析来识别趋势中的时间变化。

最后,本研究队列共纳入124249名opioid-naïve儿童。青少年中填写阿片类药物处方的比例从78.2%下降到48.0%,学龄儿童从53.9%下降到25.5%,学龄前儿童从30.4%下降到11.5%。在青少年中,吗啡的平均剂量从228.9毫克下降到110.8毫克,在学龄儿童中从121.3毫克下降到65.9毫克,在学龄前儿童中从75.3毫克下降到33.2毫克。使用Joinpoint回归分析发现从2017年底开始,阿片类药物的快速脱瘾首先发生在青少年,然后是学龄和学龄前儿童。

2014年至2019年按年龄组划分的Joinpoint回归模型。专家组包括(A)术后接受阿片类药物处方的可能性,以及(B)术后7天内首次服用阿片类药物处方时MME中的阿片类药物总量(具体针对3个年龄组)

简单来说,通过2014年至2019年期间的研究结果发现,自2017年起,填写阿片类药物处方的儿童比例和分发的阿片类药物数量均大幅下降。这种下降的开始因年龄组和手术的不同而不同。

参考文献:Sutherland TN, Wunsch H, Newcomb C, et al. Trends in Routine Opioid Dispensing After Common Pediatric Surgeries in the United States: 2014–2019. Pediatrics. 2022;149(5):e2021054729

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    2023-01-08 feather89
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    2023-02-28 hbwxf
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    2022-05-19 lhlxtx

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