Nature:中国第一次胚胎干细胞试验隆重登场

2017-06-02 白云 测序中国

在接下来的几个月中,中国郑州大学第一附属医院的研究团队将把 400 万个未成熟人类胚胎干细胞的神经元注入帕金森病患者的大脑,这将标志着中国使用人胚胎干细胞(ES 细胞)第一次临床试验的开始,这也将是全球第一个通过使用受精胚胎的 ES 细胞治疗帕金森病的临床试验。在同一时间开始的第二次试验中,郑州的其他队伍将使用 ES 细胞来靶向治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性引起的视力丧失。在今日发布的新闻中,Nature

在接下来的几个月中,中国郑州大学第一附属医院的研究团队将把 400 万个未成熟人类胚胎干细胞的神经元注入帕金森病患者的大脑,这将标志着中国使用人胚胎干细胞(ES 细胞)第一次临床试验的开始,这也将是全球第一个通过使用受精胚胎的 ES 细胞治疗帕金森病的临床试验。在同一时间开始的第二次试验中,郑州的其他队伍将使用 ES 细胞来靶向治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性引起的视力丧失。在今日发布的新闻中,Nature 杂志对本次临床试验进行了详细报道,题为“Trials of embryonic stem cells to launch in China”。

这也将成为符合中国 2015 年批准的 ES 细胞临床试验政策的第一次临床试验。中国以前对此没有明确的监管,许多公司将此作为借口推销未经证实的干细胞治疗,而该政策规定进行干细胞临床工作的医院必须使用政府认证的 ES 细胞系,并通过医院的审查程序,以此避免临床上对干细胞的伦理和安全问题。

两项研究将在河南省郑州大学第一附属医院进行。在试验中,外科医生会将 ES 细胞衍生的神经元前体细胞注射到患有帕金森病的大脑中。而在郑州的其他试验中,外科医生将接受源自 ES 细胞的视网膜细胞移植到患有年龄相关性黄斑变性的人眼中。这些实验都将遵循与之前美国和韩国研究人员进行 ES 细胞试验相似的程序。

中国科学院动物研究所周琪院士是这一临床试验的领导者。对于帕金森氏症患者的选择,他的团队评估了数百名候选人,迄今已经选择了十名最能匹配细胞库中 ES 细胞的患者,以减少患者身体排斥细胞的风险。

帕金森病最主要的病理改变是中脑黑质多巴胺(dopamine, DA)能神经元的变性死亡,由此而引起纹状体 DA 含量显着性减少,进而导致疾病发生。周琪的团队将诱导 ES 细胞发育成为神经元的前体,然后将其注入纹状体,这是与该疾病相关的大脑的中心区域。

周琪说,在临床试验前,研究团队曾以 15 只猴子为样本进行相关研究(未发表研究)。一开始,研究人员并没有观察到运动的改善,但是在第一年年底,该小组检查了一半猴子的大脑,发现干细胞已经变成能释放多巴胺的细胞。他谈到,在未来几年里,研究人员看到剩下的猴子也有 50%得到了改善。他表示:“我们能用所有的成像数据、行为数据和分子数据来支持功效。”

加利福尼亚州拉霍亚斯克里普斯研究所的干细胞生物学家 Jeanne Loring 团队也在计划对帕金森病进行干细胞试验,他们担心澳大利亚和中国的试验使用神经前体而不是 ES 细胞来源的细胞。Loring 说,前体细胞可能会变成其他类型的神经元,并且可能在其分裂过程中累积危险突变。“不知道细胞会变成什么麻烦。” 同时,加州卡尔斯巴德国际干细胞公司首席科学官 Russell Kern 表示,在临床前工作中,97%的患者使用的神经前体成为了多巴胺释放细胞。

Lorenz Studer 是纽约市纪念斯隆凯特琳癌症中心的干细胞生物学家,他在自己计划的临床试验之前花费了数年时间将这些神经元描绘出来。他表示,对于使用前体细胞“不是很支持”。他还谈到:“我有点惊讶和担心,因为我没有看到这种方法的任何同行评议的临床前数据。”

但周琪和澳大利亚的团队仍然坚持自己的选择。瑞典隆德大学的负责人之一再生神经生物学家 Malin Parmar 表示:“这些发现正在迅速进入临床试验阶段,而且这个领域在未来几年将会非常激动人心,我们也期待这次临床试验的成果。”

原始出处:

David Cyranoski Trials of embryonic stem cells to launch in China Nature

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    2018-04-17 liye789132251
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    2017-06-10 baihao215

    国内的监管还是值得提高,不过研究值得关注

    0

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    2017-06-10 baihao215

    期待吧

    0

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    2017-06-06 坚强007

    郑州大学!!!

    0

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    2017-06-04 ailian1202
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