化验单上血钾正常,为什么医生还是开了补钾药?

2021-01-22 “医学生”公众号 “医学生”公众号

氯化钾、枸橼酸钾、门冬氨酸钾镁都是心内科常用的药物,相信很多患者朋友都很熟悉。但同时,也有很多患者和家属会感到疑惑,“化验单上血钾明明没有减低,为什么医生还是给我开了补钾药呢?”为了解答这个疑问,接下

氯化钾、枸橼酸钾、门冬氨酸钾镁都是心内科常用的药物,相信很多患者朋友都很熟悉。但同时,也有很多患者和家属会感到疑惑,“化验单上血钾明明没有减低,为什么医生还是给我开了补钾药呢?”为了解答这个疑问,接下来咱们就来聊一聊补钾这些事儿。

血钾是指血液中钾元素的含量,血钾的正常参考值为3.5~5.3mmol/L(不同实验室可能有少许上下波动)。钾是维持细胞生理活动的重要离子,在保持机体的正常渗透压及酸碱平衡、参与糖及蛋白代谢、保证神经肌肉的正常功能等方面具有重要作用。钾离子对于心肌细胞尤为重要,血钾过高或者过低都有可能诱发心律失常,导致患者病情加重。人体内的钾主要来源于食物,食物中90%以上的钾短时间内会在肠道被吸收,吸收入血液的钾90%会在4h内从肾脏排出体外。

对于心力衰竭、心肌梗死以及室性心律失常的患者,血钾控制在4.0-5.0mmol/l是比较理想的。但很多心血管病患者由于牙齿疾病、胃肠道淤血、腹胀等原因,进食量少、肠道吸收差,导致血钾摄入不足;同时,患者服用的某些药物,如利尿剂,会增加钾的排出。如此一来,一方面进入身体的血钾数量不足,另一方面,通过尿液排出的钾增加,两方面共同作用下,患者极易出现低钾血症。因此对于这部分患者,医生会处方补钾的药物。如血钾低于3.5mmol/l者,需要服用氯化钾缓释片或枸橼酸钾,同时辅以门冬氨酸钾镁。对于血钾超过3.5mmol/l但未达到4.0mmol/l者,可以适当降低补钾强度,部分患者可单用门冬氨酸钾镁。

镁离子在身体里是钾离子的“好拍档”。钾镁离子合力,具有协同抗心律失常的作用,能够减少猝死等事件的发生。同时,补镁有助于提高补钾的疗效,促进钾离子细胞的内外平衡。临床上常用的氯化钾、枸橼酸钾都是补充钾离子的药物;而门冬氨酸钾镁是目前唯一可以同时补充钾镁的口服药物,对胃肠道刺激较小,患者耐受良好。

讲到这里,相信患者朋友都能明白,为什么血钾在大约3.6mmol/l的时候,化验单上明明没有向下的箭头,而医生仍然会给您处方补钾的药物了吧。

不过最后,还要提醒广大患者朋友,血钾并不是越高越好,高血钾也是有危害的,所以,需谨遵医嘱,定期到医院抽血检查血钾水平,并根据检查结果,调整治疗方案。相信在您和医生的共同努力下,您的血钾一定会得到很好的管理!

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    2021-02-26 zzc2220
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    2021-10-13 wushaoling
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    2021-01-24 pps20025
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    2021-01-23 0923。

    受教

    0

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    2021-01-23 学医无涯

    补钾是门学问

    0

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