JAMA Netw Open:氯沙坦治疗新冠肺炎肺损伤住院患者的随机临床试验

2022-04-09 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

AII 1型受体(AT1R)阻断可减少肺损伤和死亡。同时,在新冠肺炎进行的先前使用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACE1)或AT1R阻断剂(ARB)与疾病严重程度和死亡率之间关系的观察性研究报告了不同的结果

背景:新型冠状病毒已感染超过1.95亿人,导致超过400万人死亡。SARS-CoV-2通过血管紧张素转换酶2 (ACE2)进入呼吸上皮细胞,血管紧张素转换酶2是肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)的主要成分。ACE2负责将血管紧张素II (AII,一种促炎性血管收缩剂)降解为血管紧张素-(1-7)和血管紧张素-(1-9),这通常会对抗AII效应。早期数据表明,AII水平可能与COVID-患者的病毒载量和肺损伤程度有关新型冠状病毒已感染超过1.95亿人,导致超过400万人死亡。SARSCoV-2通过血管紧张素转换酶2 (ACE2)进入呼吸上皮细胞,血管紧张素转换酶2是肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)的主要成分。ACE2负责将血管紧张素II (AII,一种促炎性血管收缩剂)降解为血管紧张素-(1-7)和血管紧张素-(1-9),这通常会对抗AII效应。早期数据表明,AII水平可能与COVID-患者的病毒载量和肺损伤程度有关.

包括新型冠状病毒在内的影响ACE2的病毒性肺炎临床前模型已经证明,AII 1型受体(AT1R)阻断可减少肺损伤和死亡。同时,在新冠肺炎进行的先前使用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACE1)或AT1R阻断剂(ARB)与疾病严重程度和死亡率之间关系的观察性研究报告了不同的结果。这些研究中的一些受到混杂因素调整不充分、适应症混杂和缺乏依从性数据的限制,最重要的是,没有一项研究评估了ACE或ARB在其他方面的初始患者中的作用因此,RAAS抑制在新冠肺炎仍然是一个持续的争议领域

我们假设氯沙坦治疗可能通过恢复AII和血管紧张素-(1-7)体内平衡来减少新冠肺炎住院患者的肺损伤并改善临床结果。为了检验这一假设,我们对因新冠肺炎而住院但尚未使用RAAS抑制剂的患者进行了一项多中心、盲法、安慰剂对照的随机临床试验。主要目的是测试氯沙坦是否改善7天时动脉氧分压与吸入氧分数的比率(PaO2:FiO2)。我们还试图确定氯沙坦是否影响生化标志物(包括RAAS成分)、疾病严重程度和死亡率。

目的:探讨氯沙坦对新冠肺炎住院患者肺损伤的减轻作用。

设计、设置和参与者:这项盲法、安慰剂对照的随机临床试验于2020年4月至2021年2月在美国13家医院进行。患有新冠肺炎且呼吸序贯器官衰竭评估评分至少为1,且尚未使用肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)抑制剂的患者符合参与条件。对2021年4月19日至8月24日的数据进行了分析。

干预:氯沙坦50 mg,每日口服两次,与等量安慰剂对照,疗程10天或直至出院。

主要结果和指标:主要结果是7天时动脉血氧分压与吸入氧分压(PaO2/FiO2)的比值。次要结果包括新冠肺炎的严重程度;没有补充氧气、机械通气或血管加压剂的天数;以及死亡率。在一组参与者中测量了氯沙坦的药代动力学和RAAS组分(AII、血管紧张素-[1-7]和血管紧张素转换酶1和2)

结果:共有205名参与者(平均年龄55.2[15.7]岁;123名男性[60.0%])被随机分配,其中101名参与者被分配给氯沙坦组,104名参与者被分配给安慰剂组。与安慰剂相比,氯沙坦对第7天的PaO_2/FiO_2无显著影响(差异,−为24.8[95%,−为55.6~6.1];P=.12)。与安慰剂相比,氯沙坦没有改善任何二次临床结果,并且导致的无血管加压素天数少于安慰剂组(中位数[IQR],9.4[9.1-9.8]天vs8.7[8.2-9.3]天)。

图1 氯沙坦组和安慰剂组的动脉氧分压与吸入氧分数(PaO2:FiO2)之比

图2 氯沙坦组和安慰剂组的累计死亡和出院发生率

表1 存活天数和无干预天数分析

结论:这项随机临床试验发现,新冠肺炎合并急性肺损伤住院患者开始口服氯沙坦治疗7天后,并未改善PaO2/FiO2比值。这些数据可能会对正在进行的临床试验产生影响。

原文出处:Puskarich MA,  Ingraham NE,  Merck L.Het al.Efficacy of Losartan in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19-Induced Lung Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA Netw Open 2022 03 01;5(3)

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    2022-09-01 feather89
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    2022-04-08 tastas
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    2022-04-06 肿瘤克星

    JAMA上文章都是顶级的,谢谢梅斯及时上新

    0

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Lancet:震惊——COVID-19导致的死亡人数我们看到的可能只是冰山一角!

这场大流行的全面影响远远大于仅由COVID-19引起的死亡报告所显示的情况。

千金藤素治疗新冠肺炎临床试验获批

近日,加拿大药企Pharmadrug宣布成功举办了与美国FDA的Pre-IND会议,就千金藤素