高咖啡摄入量可能与低前列腺癌风险有关

2021-01-13 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

如果这种联系被进一步证明是一种因果关系,男性可能会被鼓励增加他们的咖啡消费量,以潜在地降低患前列腺癌的风险。

前列腺癌是第二常见的癌症,也是男性癌症死亡的第六大原因。据估计,近四分之三的前列腺癌病例发生在发达国家。自20世纪70年代以来,前列腺癌的发病率在一些亚洲国家也迅速上升,如中国、新加坡和日本,这些国家的发病率一直远低于一些西方国家。因此,前列腺癌的一级预防是世界范围内一个重大的公共卫生问题。

咖啡是最受欢迎的饮料之一。由于它在世界范围内不断普及,即使对个人健康的微小影响也可能对公共健康产生重大影响。在工业化国家,咖啡是咖啡因、咖啡醇和抗氧化剂的主要来源。它的多种成分,如咖啡因、咖啡酸和绿原酸,可以潜在地通过多种致癌途径影响癌症的发展。在肝脏、结肠直肠和乳腺等部位观察到咖啡摄入量与癌症风险呈负相关关系。然而,先前的研究报道了不一致的结果,关于喝咖啡与患前列腺癌的风险之间的关系。虽然早期的队列研究没有发现两者之间的联系,但最近在美国、瑞典和英国等主要西方国家进行的15项研究报告称,喝咖啡与较低的局部和晚期前列腺癌风险有关。在日本,一个咖啡越来越受欢迎的国家,一项队列研究也发现喝咖啡和患前列腺癌的风险呈显著负相关。

近日,BMJ Open上新发表的一篇论文对这些队列研究进行了meta分析,将咖啡摄入与前列腺癌风险之间的关系进行了系统回顾,让我们来一探究竟吧!

这是一个基于研究水平数据的元分析,没有涉及个人水平的数据,也没有定义研究问题或结果测量。使用PubMed、Web of Science和Embase进行截至2020年9月的文献检索,检索关键词如下: coffee and prostate (cancer or cancer or neoplasm or tumor)。在荟萃分析中,RR估计值被用来衡量咖啡消费量和前列腺癌风险之间的关系。研究者汇总了研究特定的咖啡消费量最高和最低类别的RR估计数。

亚组分析按研究地点、前列腺癌分期和潜在的混杂因素调整进行分层,包括前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)检测史、前列腺癌家族史、总能量摄入、吸烟、饮酒、体力活动、,体重指数(BMI)或糖尿病史。由于PSA测试在1986年之后进行,因此有32项随访期在1986年之前结束的研究被归类为PSA调整组。为了探讨每项研究对汇总结果的影响,还进行了敏感性分析,每次排除一项研究,然后重复meta分析方法。

最终纳入16项前瞻性队列研究,包括57732例前列腺癌和1081586名队列成员。喝咖啡越多,患前列腺癌的风险就越低。与最低咖啡消费类别相比,最高咖啡消费类别的合并相对风险(RR)为0.91 (95% CI 0.84 - 0.98), I2 = 53.2%)。相关性存在显著的线性趋势(线性趋势p=0.006),每天每增加一杯咖啡,合并RR为0.988 (95% CI 0.981至0.995)。对于局部、晚期和致命前列腺癌,合并RRs分别为0.93 (95% CI 0.87 - 0.99)、0.88 (95% CI 0.71 - 1.09)和0.84 (95% CI 0.66 - 1.08)。在本荟萃分析中未发现发表偏倚的证据。

咖啡饮用量与前列腺癌风险的剂量-反应关系

咖啡消费量与前列腺癌风险之间的森林图,按癌症分期分层。

这项研究的一个优点是纳入了前瞻性队列研究。队列研究可以最大限度地降低选择和回忆偏差的风险,这是病例对照设计的主要关注点。此外,大量的队列成员和前列腺癌病例确保了足够的统计能力来检测即使是很小的影响。此外,剂量反应分析可能进一步增加研究假设的信心,增加咖啡消费与较低的前列腺癌风险线性相关。除此之外,大多数研究质量高,偏倚风险低,这可以进一步增强当前汇总结果的信心。

总之,这项研究表明,多喝咖啡可能与降低患前列腺癌的风险有关。对于咖啡中潜在的作用机制和活性成分的探索仍需进一步的研究。如果这种联系被进一步证明是一种因果关系,男性可能会被鼓励增加他们的咖啡消费量,以潜在地降低患前列腺癌的风险。

1.  参考文献:Xiaonan Chen, Yiqiao Zhao, Zijia Tao. Coffee consumption and risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 2021 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038902

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    2021-01-14 Jessica

    又给喝咖啡找到了一个理由,太爱喝咖啡了,小杯拿铁加浓~

    0

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    2021-01-13 misszhang

    前列腺癌相关研究,学习了,谢谢梅斯

    0

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    2021-01-13 jyzxjiangqin

    好好学习!

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