JNNP:全基因组测序对早发性痴呆患者的临床影响

2022-09-11 网络 网络

早发性痴呆(EOD),通常定义为痴呆发作≤65岁,影响约40-100的/100 000人。 但是EOD具有临床异质性,需要考虑大量的鉴别诊断,给治疗临床医生带来诊断和管理挑战。.最

早发性痴呆(EOD),通常定义为痴呆发作≤65岁,影响约40-100的/100 000人。 但是EOD具有临床异质性,需要考虑大量的鉴别诊断,给治疗临床医生带来诊断和管理挑战。.最近的研究报告,发病年龄(AOO)较低(通常为≤65岁)以及痴呆症家族史与检测潜在遗传原因的可能性增加相关。在之前的痴呆症基因组诊断应用中,发病患者的诊断率为12%-13.5%≤65岁,而AOO>65岁时为7.2%。 家族史与检测临床诊断变异的概率约为45%相关。 使用更广泛的基因组测试如全外显子组(WES)或全基因组测序(WGS)的诊断率尚不清楚。在目前的研究中,本文研究了50例EOD患者中WGS的临床诊断潜力。本文发表在《神经病学,神经外科学和精神病学杂志》上()。

参与者包括临床诊断为痴呆发作的个体≤65岁。在DNA提取的标准方法之后,在Garvan医学研究所(澳大利亚悉尼)对16个样本的Illumina HiSeq X进行了WGS,在澳大利亚基因组研究设施(澳大利亚墨尔本)对34个样本进行了Illumino NovaSeq 6000仪器。对50例EOD患者进行WGS分析。分析了点突变、小插入/缺失以及结构变异(SV)和短串联重复(STR)。计算AD患者的阿尔茨海默病(AD)相关多基因风险评分(PRS)。为所有样品生成无PCR文库。使用生物信息学方法ExpansionHunter(V.4.0.1)、exSTRa(V.0.90.0和Bio-STR-exSTRa V.1.0.3)、TREDPARSE(V.2.7.8)和GangSTR(V.2.4.2)的组合进行已知致病STR分析。如果预测的重复大小超过文献中报道的致病阈值,或者样本是显著的异常值,表明存在大的扩增,则识别出20-21个扩增。

参与者临床诊断的类别

除一名参与者外,所有参与者都有AOO≤65年(在线补充图3)。一名参与者在67岁时首次接受评估,但由于FTD的强烈临床特征和缺乏与其他家庭成员的接触,限制了了解准确AOO的能力,因此被纳入。最年轻的AOO是23岁。17名患者(34%)为女性,33名患者(66%)为男性。除三名患者(两名南亚患者和一名亚裔患者)外,患者主要为高加索人。AD是该队列中最常见的临床诊断,50名患者中有21名(42%)被诊断为AD。其次是FTD(N=17,34%)和非特定痴呆(N=9,18%)。有两个病例作出了具体的临床诊断,即伴有皮层下梗死和白质脑病的大脑常染色体显性动脉病(CADASIL)和路易体痴呆(DLB)。另一名患者的脑成像特征为白质营养不良。在21例AD患者中有2例(约10%)发现PSEN1变异。在21例临床诊断为AD的患者中,6例(约29%)发现了ERF基因型APOEε4/ε4,以及1例临床诊断不明确的患者(8例中的1例,约12%)。在APOEε4/ε4基因型患者中检测的其他116个基因中均未发现P/LP变体。一名FTD患者在GRN中存在致病性变体(17例中的1例,或~6%),另一名CADASIL患者在NOTCH3中存在LP变体。在两名具有FTD某些特征但也有帕金森病特征的患者中,在GBA基因中发现了两种不同的ERF变体。这些变异在具有帕金森病特征和EOD的患者中反复出现。

脑部MRI,T1矢状图像显示胼胝体变薄, SPG21杂合缺失

一名患有共济失调、不自主运动异常、下肢痉挛和认知能力下降的参与者在接受了多次调查但没有明确答案后,被纳入WGS研究。他的脑部MRI显示胼胝体明显和不相称地变薄,大脑和小脑萎缩,并且没有报告家族史。他之前的临床遗传学研究排除了扩张性疾病-齿状核-苍白丘脑萎缩、亨廷顿病和脊髓小脑性共济失调1、2、3、6、7和17型。通过靶向小组方法,在该患者中确定了常染色体隐性基因SPG21的LP剪接位点变体(NM_016630.6:c.226–1G>A)。在同一患者中,使用SV方法DELLY鉴定了涉及SPG21基因(NM_016630)外显子6和7的约4646个碱基的缺失。在临床实验室进行的高密度染色体微阵列检测不到这种缺失。通过SV分析确定了两种致病性变体。本研究队列中未发现扩展的STR,但阳性对照的盲法分析准确识别了C9orf72扩展。

在盲法分析中确定C9orf72扩增 

在本研究中,证明WGS作为一个单一的诊断平台,可以同时检测EOD的不同类型的临床相关遗传变异。本研究中对50个基因组的分析导致50名参与者中的7名(14%)出现临床分辨率,并在50名参与者的另外8名(16%)中确定了ERF。总体而言,建议AD患者≤65年,特别是mGS≤3、应提供基因测试。患有特定类型痴呆症的患者。一旦临床验证的PRS可用,测试在某些情况下可能有用,特别是如果这确定了某些临床试验或治疗方案的资格(如果可用)。在患有FTD或痴呆类型不明的患者中,WGS等更广泛的方法是最好的,因为它可以同时检测C9orf72的扩展和痴呆的其他单基因原因,包括SV。

WGS作为一种单一的基因测试,用于识别EOD患者中不同类型的临床相关基因变异。WGS如果用作一线临床诊断试验,有可能提高诊断率并缩短诊断EOD的时间。

 

 

 

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    2022-09-11 laiminchao

    学习了。谢谢分享

    0

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