病例分享:突发胸痛,D二聚体升高,病因竟是……

2018-02-20 大漠落日 医学界心血管频道

患者,男,45岁,既往患有高血压病,因突发剧烈胸痛4小时前来就诊,发病后一小时在当地医院查心电图。

患者,男,45岁,既往患有高血压病,因突发剧烈胸痛4小时前来就诊,发病后一小时在当地医院查心电图如下:



心肌标志物如下:



凝血六项如下:



诊断是什么?心梗,主动脉夹层,还是肺栓塞?

当地医院考虑患者为主动脉夹层,因不能行主动脉CTA检查急来我院,到达我院后复查心梗三项肌钙蛋白正常,心电图无动态改变,急查主动脉CTA,明确急性胸痛诊断为主动脉夹层。



对于此例患者我的疑问是主动脉夹层患者D二聚体为什么升高?

D二聚体升高多见血栓性疾病,比如肺栓塞、深静脉血栓等血栓性疾病。

主动夹层患者不是血栓性疾病,为什么D二聚体升高?个人认为主动脉撕裂为真假两个腔,灌注到假腔的血液不能流动,很快形成血栓,导致凝血指标中的D二聚体升高。

进一步思考,在临床上见到的大多数急性心梗患者的D二聚体不升高。急性心梗属于血栓性疾病,D二聚体反而不升高,又是为什么呢?个人认为冠脉血栓的形成,血栓较小,不足以引起血中D二聚体升高。

患者急性胸痛、D二聚体升高,为什么不考虑肺栓塞?对于这样的患者如果再查一个血气分析就完美了,氧分压明显低,考虑肺栓塞,氧分压正常考虑主动脉夹层。这就牵涉到急性胸痛的鉴别诊断,对于急性突发4小时以内的胸痛,心肌标志物不高,心电图无ST段抬高,患者是夹层、肺栓塞,还是急性非ST段抬高性心梗,需要自我积累临床经验,仔细去寻找三者之间的细微差别,诊断起来确实存在一定的困难。

本文主要目的重在提醒大家,对于主动脉夹层患者的D二聚体也会明显升高,大家甚至可以观察到大部分主动脉夹层的患者D二聚体升高。碰到急性突发的胸痛,D二聚体升高,不要只考虑到肺栓塞,而忽略主动脉夹层,甚至根据D二聚体升高而排除主动脉夹层。

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    2018-04-07 hxj0117
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    2018-03-27 lofter

    学习了感谢分享

    0

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    2018-02-23 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-02-22 放射科的小学生

    好棒的分析

    0

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    2018-02-20 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    好病例分析.学习了.

    0

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    2018-02-20 sunfeifeiyang

    0

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