新冠病毒原始毒株普遍存在于美国!剑桥小样本研究:中国流行的是变异毒株

2020-04-14 xujing 文韬 中国循环杂志

近日,剑桥大学学者研究发现,目前全球感染的新冠病毒实际上并非是同一种,而是变异分化成A、B、C三种类型,并且这三种类型的病毒在全球分布范围不同。

近日,剑桥大学学者研究发现,目前全球感染的新冠病毒实际上并非是同一种,而是变异分化成A、B、C三种类型,并且这三种类型的病毒在全球分布范围不同,在美国大量流行的可能是“原始类型”。

研究者在全球范围内收集的160份感染样本发现了A、B、C三种不同但又密切相关的病毒类型在全球传播的轨迹。

研究人员发现,A型病毒与蝙蝠和穿山甲携带的病毒的亲缘关系最近,他们将其称为“暴发的根源”。B型病毒来源于A型,而C型病毒是B型的“女儿”。

A型是最原始的毒株,是从蝙蝠传播到人类中的新冠病毒祖先。

A型在美国最为普遍,研究发现有三分之二的美国样本感染A型病毒。澳大利亚感染者上也发现了大量A型病毒。

虽然A型最先在中国被发现(据称在武汉居住过的美国人身上发现),但是却不是武汉当地主要的病毒类型。

B型是A型在中国变异而来的,在东亚最为普遍。

在93个感染B型的样本中,除19个外,其他全部分布在中国或与中国邻近的亚洲国家。

具体来看,武汉样本为22个,中国东部及其他地区为31个,与中国邻近的亚洲国家发现21个。

虽然目前关于B型为何在中国最为普遍的原因还没找到答案,但研究人员猜测可能是由于B型最能攻击中国人免疫力,因此不需要变异。

C型是由B型衍生而来,在中国大陆样本中不存在,但却在欧洲非常普遍。研究人员认为它可能是通过新加坡传播的。

研究人员认为,为了精准攻击不同人群的免疫系统,新冠病毒正在不断发生变异。

不过,该研究分析的样本较小,是否具有普遍性还不得而知。

新冠病毒到底是是起源于美国,还是中国,还需进一步研究。

为了弥补这一局限,目前该研究团队已经更新了他们的数据,纳入了截至到3月底1000多例的COVID-19病例,相关数据尚未发表。

来源:Forster P, Forster L, Renfrew C, et al. Phylogenetic network analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020, published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 8.

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    2021-02-03 zhzhxiang
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    2020-04-14 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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