梅举:微创左胸小切口多支冠脉搭桥术

2020-12-31 《门诊》杂志 门诊新视野

冠状动脉旁路移植术(Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, CABG)常规使用胸腹正中切口,而这一方法创伤大,术后伤口较大,恢复慢且易产生并发症。

冠状动脉旁路移植术(Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, CABG)常规使用胸腹正中切口,而这一方法创伤大,术后伤口较大,恢复慢且易产生并发症。特别是对于升主动脉粥样硬化、钙化、OPCAB(非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术)术中钳夹升主动脉患者,还易出现术后神经系统并发症。通常在在搭桥手术中希望做到全动脉化的目标,这样其术后桥血管的长期通畅率高。运用MIDCAB(微创小切口非体外循环冠脉搭桥术)的方法,创伤小,减少术后并发症,并改善患者术后生存质量。在近期的学术会议上来自上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院(以下简称新华医院)心胸外科的梅举教授,分享了新华医院在微创领域技术的应用与疗效,与诸位专家共勉。

临床资料

自2009年1月~2017年6月,新华医院共实施MIDCAB术92例。采用LIMA-RA(左侧乳内动脉-桡动脉),或LIMA-SV(左侧乳内动脉-大隐静脉)(如>70岁老年患者,或动脉解剖结构不合适的患者)构成的“Y”型复合桥血管治疗冠心病多支病变。

全部患者术前常规行冠状动脉造影,明确冠状动脉病变的诊断。超声心动图检查左心室大小及功能。LVEDD(左室舒张末期内径)为50~56 mm,EF(射血分数)为42~61%。二尖瓣轻度反流27例。这些患者中,合并高血压53例,糖尿病37例,高血脂34例,COPD 18例,肾功能不全15例。
手术技术

手术采用双腔气管插管,单侧右肺通气,并在体表放置体外除颤电极。使用RA为桥血管时,先完成RA的取材。左胸垫高30~40°,经左胸前第四肋间切口。借助于专用撑开器、钛夹钳、电刀,直视下获取LIMA,上至第1肋间,下至第5肋。

完成RA或SV、LIMA取材后,经原切口换一撑开器,纵行切开心包并悬吊,显露靶血管。首先,完成RA或SV与LIMA的端侧吻合,构建LIMA-RA或LIMA-SV “Y”型复合桥血管,并分别观察桥血管的血流量。借助于心脏稳定期,先吻合LIMA-LAD(左侧内乳动脉-左前降支),再采用序贯吻合技术将RA或SV吻合到DIA(对角支)、OM(钝缘支)或PDA(后降支)。

手术结果

在所有行MIDCAB的患者中,91例行LIMA-LAD吻合,1例行LIMA-DIA吻合。靶血管再血管化数目:2支9例,3支75例,4支8例,共275支靶血管再血管化。平均手术时间为185.4±15.7 min(141~213 min)。术后机械通气时间为28.2±34.2 h;ICU时间为3.1±2.4 d;术后住院时间为11.7±4.2 d(7~28 d)。上述指标LIMA-RA组与LIMA-SV组间无明显差异。

LIMA-RA或SV复合桥血管的通畅率方面,术后1年桥血管通畅率:LIMA-RA vs. LIMA-SV为97.6±2.4% vs. 95.7±3.7%(P>0.05),未见明显统计学差异。术后5年桥血管通畅率:LIMA-RA vs. LIMA-SV为93.1±4.7% vs. 80.7±6.6%(P<0.05)。LIMA-SV复合桥血管术后中期通畅率较LIMA-RA复合桥血管术后中期通畅率低,有统计学差异,动脉再血管化效果优于静脉。

围术期全组无死亡。术后随访6~96个月(平均42.1±17.3个月),所有患者均于术后1~8年时,行双源CT或冠脉造影检查,全部患者LIMA-LAD吻合口通畅(100%)。

结 论

LIMA-RA “Y”型复合桥血管可以用于MIDCAB术中多支冠脉搭桥术,手术操作方便,风险小。其中,LIMA-RA用于全动脉化搭桥手术,近、远期通畅率均满意,效果好。手术全程不接触升主动脉,术后卒中发生率低。而LIMA-SV复合桥血管方案也是较好的选择之一。

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    2021-01-02 vera_1203
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    2021-01-02 zzc2214
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    2021-01-02 yese

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动脉粥样硬化作为大多数心血管疾病(如心肌梗塞和中风等)的病理基础,其主要特征表现为动脉内膜中过多的脂质沉积。在动脉粥样硬化过程中,内循环中的单核细胞迁移进入内膜下层,并分化为巨噬细胞,这些巨噬细胞通过

Circulation:可溶性Ninj1的抗炎作用可缓解动脉粥样硬化进展

巨噬细胞可产生多种炎症相关分子,它们由基质金属蛋白酶释放,如粘附分子和细胞因子,它们在动脉粥样硬化中发挥关键作用。Jeon等人研究了Ninj1的表达和动脉粥样硬化进展的关系。

Circulation:免疫检查点抑制剂治疗可加快动脉粥样硬化斑块进展

免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)广泛应用于癌症治疗。一致的基本数据表明,这些相同的检查点是动脉粥样硬化的关键负调节因子。该研究旨在测明确ICI是否会加速动脉粥样硬化、增加动脉粥样硬化相关心血管事件风险。

Int J Vitam Nutr Res:白藜芦醇并不会降低非酒精性脂肪肝患者动脉粥样硬化的风险

心血管疾病(CVD)是导致非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者死亡的主要原因。白藜芦醇是一种天然的多酚化合物,以其抗氧化和抗动脉粥样硬化的特性而闻名,有研究显示白藜芦醇可降低非酒精性脂肪肝患者的CVD