间质性肺病的肺动脉高压研究进展

2022-03-27 刘少飞 MedSci原创

肺循环领域的疾病治疗方法已经取得了一些进展,但 PH-ILD 治疗的持续创新直到最近才出现,主要集中在 IIP,主要集中在 IPF。

不同的间质性肺疾病(ILD)患者在随访期间可能会出现肺动脉高压(PH),大多数在侵入性血液动力学中具有前毛细血管模式,在目前的PH分类中被归入第3和第5组。目前,与ILD相关的毛细血管前型PH(PH-ILD)被定义为存在肺血管阻力(PVR)≥3WU,与平均肺动脉压(mPAP)>20mmHg和肺动脉楔压≤15mmHg,由右心导管检查(RHC)评估。

大多数PH-ILD包括在第3组中,与实质受累有关,如在纤维化特发性间质性肺炎(IIP)、超敏性肺炎和淋巴管肌瘤病中观察到。然而,与肉瘤病、肺朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞病和代谢性疾病相关的PH,鉴于可能导致PH发展的潜在病理生理事件的多样性,目前被归入第5组,其机制不明确和/或多因素。然而,缺氧性血管收缩、肺部小血管重塑、微血管的破坏和湮灭以及血管调节细胞因子的上调(单独或联合)代表了可能参与PH-ILD发病机制的一些公认机制。

PH决定了ILD患者的重要发病率和死亡率。大多数与纤维化IIP相关的PH数据都是从特发性肺纤维化(IPF)的研究中获得的,并证明PH的发病率随着疾病的进展而增加。然而,IPF中PH的发展是多因素的,因此PH的严重程度并不总是与实质受累的损害相关;一些疾病轻微的患者可能出现PH,这可能与其他组的PH分类一致。

因此,在有症状的ILD患者中筛查PH是合理的。然而,筛查PH-ILD的最适当的方法仍然是未知的。不同的工具可用于筛查肺实质疾病患者的PH值,包括休息或运动时的外周血氧饱和度(SpO2)、经胸多普勒超声心动图、六分钟步行试验、一氧化碳扩散能力(DLCO),其减少可与肺容积的下降相比较,以及CT扫描中对主肺动脉和主动脉直径的评估。这些筛查方法根据每种ILD有不同的敏感性。RHC是与ILD相关的PH的确诊方法,应主要考虑那些将进行治疗性干预的患者。需要强调的是,ILD患者出现PH并不排除需要排除其他PH的原因,除了实质性疾病之外。在这个意义上,排除左心功能不全和慢性血栓栓塞性疾病的存在是很重要的。此外,评估PH治疗干预反应的主要终点包括呼吸困难和生活质量评分、六分钟步行距离、强制生命力(FVC)和DLCO的下降、住院、急性恶化、因任何原因死亡或肺移植以及肺血流动力学参数。

在肺循环领域的疾病治疗方法上已经取得了一些进展,但在PH-ILD的治疗上一致的创新只是在最近才出现,主要是在IIP上,主要集中在IPF。使用不同的全身性肺血管活性药物,如内皮素受体拮抗剂(ambrisentan和bosentan)、磷酸二酯酶-5抑制剂(sildenafil)和riociguat的系统回顾和随机临床试验,结果相互矛盾,没有显示出强大的效益,其中一些甚至确定对继发于IIP的PH患者的相关临床、功能和肺血流动力学结果有损害。推测此类药物缺乏积极作用的主要机制是肺通气/灌注失调和气体交换的恶化,以及左心衰竭的存在。对于其他ILD,数据仍然很少,也不太健全。一项安慰剂对照试验表明,波生坦在16周后改善了与肉瘤病相关的PH患者的肺血流动力学,但对步行距离没有好处。

因此,PH-ILD的适当药物治疗尚未建立。尽管吸入性血管扩张剂具有良好的前景,但仍有几个问题是未知的。评估吸入性血管扩张剂对更大样本的纤维化ILD患者和其他原因的ILD(如肉瘤病和囊性肺病)的影响是至关重要的。有必要进一步研究吸入性血管扩张剂对运动能力、功能变量和气体交换的长期作用,以及对死亡率、肺移植的需要和住院的影响。血管扩张剂和抗纤维化药物的联合治疗对PH-ILD的影响尚不清楚。吸入性血管扩张剂是否不仅对血管特性有影响,而且对肺实质纤维化也有影响,这一点仍未确定。此外,必须根据PH的严重程度和ILD的组别来确定从使用血管扩张剂中获益的患者亚组,并评估其他治疗方式对PH-ILD潜在发病机制的影响,包括血管重塑的减弱。由于这个问题的高度复杂性和许多未解答的问题,PH-ILD患者最好转诊到有经验的PH和ILD中心,特别是在有特殊治疗、纳入临床试验或肺移植的前景时。

 

参考文献:

Bruno Guedes Baldi, Rogério Souza,Pulmonary Hypertension in Interstitial Lung Disease, Archivos de Bronconeumología, 2022,ISSN 0300-2896,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2022.02.002.

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1671989, encodeId=3dd316e198942, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=58378220131' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肺病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82201, encryptionId=58378220131, topicName=肺病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2f0826868454, createdName=amy0559, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 06:48:41 CST 2023, time=2023-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1815864, encodeId=cd6e1815864bd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82e99e291b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#间质性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97291, encryptionId=82e99e291b0, topicName=间质性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=99cf2500102, createdName=zjshifan_98647306, createdTime=Mon Aug 08 19:48:41 CST 2022, time=2022-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1208440, encodeId=02cc120844055, content=关注肺动脉高压研究进展, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=[AttachmentDto(url=https://img.medsci.cn/comment/20220403/bee43db1c0304cee96d3e8ab88312371.jpg, type=image, width=258, height=258)], authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210922/abdffc3f4cb6439aa9fa85372323b9ec/5f4b4012b21a4508af5a117375a9f3e2.jpg, createdBy=1bd41976717, createdName=SophylioJerry, createdTime=Sun Apr 03 21:39:55 CST 2022, time=2022-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1381375, encodeId=a18313813e59b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Fri Mar 25 18:48:41 CST 2022, time=2022-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1925577, encodeId=81d219255e7f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26d633354c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#动脉高压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33354, encryptionId=26d633354c9, topicName=动脉高压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44a360, createdName=jklm09, createdTime=Sun May 29 17:48:41 CST 2022, time=2022-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2023-01-03 amy0559
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1671989, encodeId=3dd316e198942, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=58378220131' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肺病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82201, encryptionId=58378220131, topicName=肺病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2f0826868454, createdName=amy0559, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 06:48:41 CST 2023, time=2023-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1815864, encodeId=cd6e1815864bd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82e99e291b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#间质性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97291, encryptionId=82e99e291b0, topicName=间质性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=99cf2500102, createdName=zjshifan_98647306, createdTime=Mon Aug 08 19:48:41 CST 2022, time=2022-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1208440, encodeId=02cc120844055, content=关注肺动脉高压研究进展, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=[AttachmentDto(url=https://img.medsci.cn/comment/20220403/bee43db1c0304cee96d3e8ab88312371.jpg, type=image, width=258, height=258)], authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210922/abdffc3f4cb6439aa9fa85372323b9ec/5f4b4012b21a4508af5a117375a9f3e2.jpg, createdBy=1bd41976717, createdName=SophylioJerry, createdTime=Sun Apr 03 21:39:55 CST 2022, time=2022-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1381375, encodeId=a18313813e59b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Fri Mar 25 18:48:41 CST 2022, time=2022-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1925577, encodeId=81d219255e7f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26d633354c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#动脉高压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33354, encryptionId=26d633354c9, topicName=动脉高压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44a360, createdName=jklm09, createdTime=Sun May 29 17:48:41 CST 2022, time=2022-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1671989, encodeId=3dd316e198942, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=58378220131' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肺病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82201, encryptionId=58378220131, topicName=肺病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2f0826868454, createdName=amy0559, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 06:48:41 CST 2023, time=2023-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1815864, encodeId=cd6e1815864bd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82e99e291b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#间质性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97291, encryptionId=82e99e291b0, topicName=间质性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=99cf2500102, createdName=zjshifan_98647306, createdTime=Mon Aug 08 19:48:41 CST 2022, time=2022-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1208440, encodeId=02cc120844055, content=关注肺动脉高压研究进展, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=[AttachmentDto(url=https://img.medsci.cn/comment/20220403/bee43db1c0304cee96d3e8ab88312371.jpg, type=image, width=258, height=258)], authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210922/abdffc3f4cb6439aa9fa85372323b9ec/5f4b4012b21a4508af5a117375a9f3e2.jpg, createdBy=1bd41976717, createdName=SophylioJerry, createdTime=Sun Apr 03 21:39:55 CST 2022, time=2022-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1381375, encodeId=a18313813e59b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Fri Mar 25 18:48:41 CST 2022, time=2022-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1925577, encodeId=81d219255e7f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26d633354c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#动脉高压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33354, encryptionId=26d633354c9, topicName=动脉高压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44a360, createdName=jklm09, createdTime=Sun May 29 17:48:41 CST 2022, time=2022-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1671989, encodeId=3dd316e198942, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=58378220131' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肺病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82201, encryptionId=58378220131, topicName=肺病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2f0826868454, createdName=amy0559, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 06:48:41 CST 2023, time=2023-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1815864, encodeId=cd6e1815864bd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82e99e291b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#间质性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97291, encryptionId=82e99e291b0, topicName=间质性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=99cf2500102, createdName=zjshifan_98647306, createdTime=Mon Aug 08 19:48:41 CST 2022, time=2022-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1208440, encodeId=02cc120844055, content=关注肺动脉高压研究进展, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=[AttachmentDto(url=https://img.medsci.cn/comment/20220403/bee43db1c0304cee96d3e8ab88312371.jpg, type=image, width=258, height=258)], authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210922/abdffc3f4cb6439aa9fa85372323b9ec/5f4b4012b21a4508af5a117375a9f3e2.jpg, createdBy=1bd41976717, createdName=SophylioJerry, createdTime=Sun Apr 03 21:39:55 CST 2022, time=2022-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1381375, encodeId=a18313813e59b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Fri Mar 25 18:48:41 CST 2022, time=2022-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1925577, encodeId=81d219255e7f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26d633354c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#动脉高压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33354, encryptionId=26d633354c9, topicName=动脉高压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44a360, createdName=jklm09, createdTime=Sun May 29 17:48:41 CST 2022, time=2022-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1671989, encodeId=3dd316e198942, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=58378220131' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肺病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=82201, encryptionId=58378220131, topicName=肺病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2f0826868454, createdName=amy0559, createdTime=Tue Jan 03 06:48:41 CST 2023, time=2023-01-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1815864, encodeId=cd6e1815864bd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=82e99e291b0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#间质性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97291, encryptionId=82e99e291b0, topicName=间质性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=99cf2500102, createdName=zjshifan_98647306, createdTime=Mon Aug 08 19:48:41 CST 2022, time=2022-08-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1208440, encodeId=02cc120844055, content=关注肺动脉高压研究进展, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=[AttachmentDto(url=https://img.medsci.cn/comment/20220403/bee43db1c0304cee96d3e8ab88312371.jpg, type=image, width=258, height=258)], authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210922/abdffc3f4cb6439aa9fa85372323b9ec/5f4b4012b21a4508af5a117375a9f3e2.jpg, createdBy=1bd41976717, createdName=SophylioJerry, createdTime=Sun Apr 03 21:39:55 CST 2022, time=2022-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1381375, encodeId=a18313813e59b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9281e34519b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究进展#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73451, encryptionId=9281e34519b, topicName=研究进展)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f13d475, createdName=mashirong, createdTime=Fri Mar 25 18:48:41 CST 2022, time=2022-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1925577, encodeId=81d219255e7f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=26d633354c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#动脉高压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33354, encryptionId=26d633354c9, topicName=动脉高压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=44a360, createdName=jklm09, createdTime=Sun May 29 17:48:41 CST 2022, time=2022-05-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

相关资讯

ATVB:全面认识肺动脉高压中肠-肠系膜-肺轴

肺动脉高压(PAH)期间的肠道-肠道-肺轴,特别关注寄生虫引起的PAH(Sch-PAH),并试图勾勒出病原体转位可能有助于慢性肺血管疾病发病的机制。

柳叶刀:结核病后肺动脉高压-全球卫生保健差异的案例

许多肺结核幸存者会出现残留的肺病变,横断面研究一致表明存在严重的肺损伤—包括慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、肺活量限制、支气管扩张和肺动脉高压。

混合性结缔组织病患者的肺动脉高压患病率为什么较高?

使用甲襞视频毛细血管镜 (NVC) 研究 MCTD 患者微血管病变的临床意义。

Respirology :中国肺动脉高压的特征

关于发展中国家肺动脉高压 (PAH) 的特征和长期生存率的具有全国代表性的报告很少。当前主要风险分层的适用性和目标导向治疗的纵向变化尚未在现实​​世界中阐明。

肺动脉高压中扩张的肺动脉压迫左主干冠状动脉的综合分析

肺动脉高压 (PAH) 可导致左主干冠状动脉受压 (LMCo),但有关影响、筛查和治疗的数据有限。对 LMCo 案例的荟萃分析可以填补该主题的知识空白。

ERJ: COVID-19时代意大利肺动脉高压的悖论:疾病进展的风险即将来临?

2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 的爆发导致对常规医疗护理的重大限制。对PAH患者进行了一项多中心全国性调查,旨在确定治理措施对PAH管理的影响以及 COVID-19患者预后不良的风险。