IEEE trans:颈髓经皮刺激改善完全性四肢瘫患者上肢和手功能的病例研究

2021-05-16 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

脊髓损伤(SCI)是一种严重影响个体生理、心理和社会福利的灾难性事件。目前,美国约有294000人患有脊髓损伤,估计范围为250000至368000人.

脊髓损伤(SCI)是一种严重影响个体生理、心理和社会福利的灾难性事件。目前,美国约有294000人患有脊髓损伤,估计范围为250000至368000人.SCI后出现的负面影响给个人、家庭和社区带来了巨大的经济和社会负担。因此,迫切需要尽可能多地恢复SCI患者的功能。

手功能的恢复被认为是四肢瘫痪患者最优先考虑的问题。开发和应用有效的治疗技术,改善脊髓损伤后早期及慢性期四肢瘫患者的手部功能,是康复领域的一个重要课题。脊髓经皮刺激(scTS)应用于颈髓被报道能有效地改善运动完全(AIS B)和不完全(AIS C-D)颈椎SCI患者的握力和手功能。在接受4周的联合训练后,6名不完全性颈椎SCI受试者(包括AIS B和C)的最大自愿性握力增加约3倍(刺激打开)和2倍(刺激关闭)。本文研究了短期和干预后3个月的scTS对慢性完全性(AISA)颈椎SCI患者UE和手功能恢复的治疗效果。 假设这项新技术结合特定任务的手部训练,可以使这个完全脊髓损伤的个体在损伤后恢复功能。

受试者为38岁男性患有完全性颈椎SCI。根据国际脊髓损伤神经分类标准(ISNCSCI),他的神经损伤等级为C5,AIS A。右侧C5皮肤和左侧C6皮肤有完整的轻触和针刺感觉。双侧肘屈肌运动关键肌测试5分,腕伸肌4分。受伤前后都是左利手。本研究包括基线评估、scTS测试、为期8周的scTS干预(结合特定任务的手部训练)、干预后测试和3个月的随访(无进一步治疗)。

Fig. 1. - scTS waveform and electrode placements on the participant. Monophasic, rectangular pulses with 1ms duration at a frequency of 30 Hz, filled with a carrier frequency of 10 kHz, were delivered at C3-4 and C7-T1 cervical spinous processes.

图:脊髓经皮刺激

在受试者接受任何基于scTS的治疗前一周,进行基线测试以评估上肢(UE)和手(hand)的损伤和功能任务表现。测试项目包括分级重新定义的力量、敏感性和抓握评估测试、握力、侧捏力、肘部屈曲力和神经肌肉恢复量表。在正式干预之前,进行了几个scTS实验实验,以研究UE肌肉的特征,以确定最佳刺激参数,从而在不引起任何不适的情况下促进更大的握力和更好的上肢运动功能。利用表面肌电图(EMG)记录和检测不同近端和远端UE肌肉在scTS强度递增试验中的反应。在每次强度上升期间,scTS强度从0mA开始,以5mA增量增加至80mA,每次上升之间的时间间隔约为5秒。。 

共进行18次scTS干预+手部训练,共8周,每次60分钟,每周2~3次。在每个疗程中,参与者在物理治疗师的指导下进行特定任务的训练,同时在颈椎神经网络接受持续的非侵入性SCT。在每个干预治疗周(即第1、2、3、4和8周)结束时,在1分钟的方块测试中测量双侧握力和任务表现,以跟踪每周的恢复进度。在研究结束时以及1个月、2个月和3个月的随访时,对基线检查的结果进行重新评估。在每个点进行一次评估,无刺激。在这三个月里,参与者没有接受任何进一步的治疗。在所有的干预和测试过程中,血压和心率都被密切监测。

SCT是通过使用非侵入性经皮脊髓电刺激器(NeuroRecovery Technologies Inc.,San Juan Capistrano,CA)进行的。将一对自粘圆形刺激电极(STIMEX,Schwa medico GmbH,德国)作为阴极(如图1所示)和一对矩形阳极电极(8)应用于损伤部位周围的颈椎棘突中线×13厘米)置于髂嵴上方。同时刺激两个部位,一个位于损伤水平(C3-4)之上,一个位于损伤水平(C5)之下(C7-T1)。据报道,两个部位的SCT始终比单部位刺激更有效。也有人假设,在相当数量的慢性严重瘫痪患者中,损伤部位的上方、内部和下方都存在存活的脊髓神经网络。刺激为单相矩形脉冲,持续1ms,频率为30Hz,载波频率为10kHz。在本研究中使用单相波形,因为在先前的研究中已经对运动完全性四肢瘫痪的参与者实施了单相波形。C3-4和C7-T1的初始刺激强度分别为50mA和15mA。这些强度值随后根据参与者在干预过程中的功能任务表现和主观反馈进行调整。具体任务的手训练是由物理治疗师监督,并集中在功能性任务,旨在解决手抓住和捏双边。

GRASSP训练scTS结合任务训练8周后,双侧上肢GRASSP总分由72/232提高到96/232。颈部SCT结合特定任务的手部训练可显著且持久地增强双手的最大自愿性握力。左右侧握力分别增加283.4%和30.7%。 在干预完成时,在侧捏和肘关节屈曲试验中除了左肘屈曲没有观察到强度增加 。值得注意的是,在3个月的随访中,侧捏和肘关节屈曲强度均大于基线值 。 从第2周到第4周,受刺激的握力持续下降。受试者报告说,由于这些刺激强度的变化,他的上肢运动控制更好。

在干预后,肌肉的sMEP和综合诱发电位的振幅显著增加。特别是在2Hz脊髓刺激时,sMEP中潜伏期反应(MR,~15MSEC)和长潜伏期反应(LR,~20-100MSEC)在干预后被放大。这表示脊髓神经网络在8周后,结合任务型手训练,兴奋性明显提高。在整个研究过程中,未观察到对肠和膀胱功能的不良影响。未观察到皮肤反应或刺激。

目前的研究表明,scTS结合任务特异性手部训练可使运动和感觉完全性(aisa)颈椎SCI患者的UE和手部的功能和神经功能持久地得到改善。采用新型scTS技术训练后,患者在力量、敏感性和自主运动功能方面的改善表明,需要进一步的随机对照临床试验来评估以scTS为基础的干预对更多四肢瘫患者的治疗效果,并了解脊髓电刺激的潜在机制。

F. Zhang et al., "Cervical Spinal Cord Transcutaneous Stimulation Improves Upper Extremity and Hand Function in People With Complete Tetraplegia: A Case Study," in IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 3167-3174, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2020.3048592.

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    2021-06-18 bsmagic9140
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    2021-05-20 smart Ren

    认真学习

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1994242, encodeId=e6e919942422f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ab984586ebc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#完全性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45867, encryptionId=ab984586ebc, topicName=完全性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=947269, createdName=lvygwyt2781, createdTime=Wed Jun 02 05:47:28 CST 2021, time=2021-06-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1657460, encodeId=8820165e4600b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Fri Jun 18 02:47:28 CST 2021, time=2021-06-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2016406, encodeId=0e0d201640644, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0fa1e0783cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病例研究#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70783, encryptionId=0fa1e0783cb, topicName=病例研究)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2317301, createdName=xzw113, createdTime=Tue Dec 07 17:47:28 CST 2021, time=2021-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=967130, encodeId=f8e596e1308f, content=认真学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=b3545492917, createdName=smart Ren, createdTime=Thu May 20 07:36:09 CST 2021, time=2021-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=966408, encodeId=d0b396640839, content=学习了 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b81c5454547, createdName=ms3000000173846679, createdTime=Mon May 17 22:15:27 CST 2021, time=2021-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=966144, encodeId=b75b966144fd, content=脊髓损伤恢复太难了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b7a31928393, createdName=学医无涯, createdTime=Mon May 17 06:35:12 CST 2021, time=2021-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=966116, encodeId=571496611610, content=认真学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6EF3hKja8nER8RMzxQdria9eCYFhgLTLsDOeqnvIYdeLDz5eP6EnicLuE5gibiawgno4zUA0jAR7Nbtp2llQ9fs3Mk/0, createdBy=278f1986883, createdName=医鸣惊人, createdTime=Sun May 16 23:15:09 CST 2021, time=2021-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-05-17 ms3000000173846679

    学习了

    0

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    2021-05-17 学医无涯

    脊髓损伤恢复太难了

    0

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    2021-05-16 医鸣惊人

    认真学习了

    0

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