IEEE TRANS :监测早产的无创检测和刺激系统

2021-05-17 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

世界卫生组织(WHO)将早产定义为怀孕37周前分娩。在世界范围内,11.1%的胎儿是早产,早产率因国家而异,从5%到18%不等。早产是新生儿发病率和死亡率的主要病因,是5岁以下儿童第二位的直接死因。各

世界卫生组织(WHO)将早产定义为怀孕37周前分娩。在世界范围内,11.1%的胎儿是早产,早产率因国家而异,从5%到18%不等。早产是新生儿发病率和死亡率的主要病因,是5岁以下儿童第二位的直接死因。各种机制可导致早产和分娩,如感染、宫颈疾病以及遗传和环境因素导致的母婴耐受性下降。然而,早产的确切原因仍不清楚。电刺激是一种新的技术,可能成为抑制子宫收缩的理想技术,从临床角度来看,如果将其构建为非侵入性系统,则可能是一种经济有效、用户友好的治疗工具。本文提出一个新设计,一种无创环形电极无线电记录和刺激(RE-WERS)系统,连续或定期监测子宫收缩作为治疗剂或工具使用时,早产发生。环形电极包括1对刺激、1对记录电极、在柔性聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)盖中具有前置放大器的微型板和无线通信模块/电池。

环形电极由一个外径5cm,内径3cm的圆环结构PDMS、一对刺激电极和一对记录电极组成。将硬铝电极片与微型板(前置放大器)连接后,采用PDMS浇铸法在硬铝模具中制作环形电极。图示出了图示(A)和制造的环形电极(B)。它还显示了妊娠小型猪(C)颈部RE-WERS系统的急性体内实验装置。

Fig. 1. - 3D conceptual drawing for the ring-shaped electrode with stimulating, recording electrodes, and pre-amplifier (A); Photograph images for the fabricated ring electrode (B); Schematic drawing for acute in-vivo experimental setup at cervix of pregnant minipig using ring electrode with wireless electrical recording and stimulating (RE-WERS) system (C).

系统示意图

无线电记录和刺激(WERS)系统具有三个基本特征,即:1)模拟前端(AFE)电路,用于放大、滤波和进行模数转换(ADC);2) 利用改进的霍兰电流泵(IHCP)的双相电流模式差分神经刺激器;3) 一种无线数据采集(DAQ),它控制实时刺激模式到刺激电极,并将AFE记录的数据传输到个人计算机。

Fig. 2. - Block diagram of wireless electrical recording and stimulating system (WERS) (A); Stimulation timing diagram (B); Photograph image for the assembled RE-WERS system (C).

系统设计图

AFE包括两级,即1)环内高通放大器和2)带可编程增益的体外带通滤波器。全差分输入利用仪表放大器的高共模抑制比(CMRR)大大抑制共模干扰(CMI)。双相电流刺激模式使用允许0.1的用户界面定义-μs分辨率控制脉冲宽度。用正常分娩小鼠和早产前胎膜破裂(PPROM)早产小鼠两种模型进行实验。缝合后的子宫被安装在一个子宫记录仪(820MS,丹麦Myo技术公司,丹麦Hinnerup)的夹线上,并放入7毫升的组织浴中,用标准的Krebs缓冲液填充,保持在37毫升°C.电刺激是用袖带电极进行的,采用妊娠小型猪进行急性体内实验。怀孕的尤卡坦小型猪是从Optifarm Solution公司(韩国奥昌)获得的。在妊娠第100天和第115天,通过吸入异氟醚麻醉小型猪。环形电极经阴道插入宫颈,环形电极的刺激电极与子宫骶韧带接触。

用4种不同的脉冲宽度(1、10、100和200)进行电刺激和3种不同的脉冲幅度(500、400和300μA)分别持续3s。将非刺激条件设置为1以确定相对收缩力。当正常和早产模型小鼠都受到500μA在双相电流脉冲下,自然收缩和电刺激引起的收缩之间没有差异。用线环电极在未孕小型猪颈部记录各种双相单电流脉冲和脉冲串的电位波形。用于刺激用硬铝片制成的电极响应于各种电流脉冲。静脉注射药物后,由于子宫收缩的诱导,信号基本被激活,即使没有任何电刺激,而对电刺激的信号也能分辨清楚。这些结RE-WERS系统在记录和刺激两种模式下都能很好地跟踪子宫的收缩和松弛。虽然怀孕的小猪在试验开始前每15分钟就已经产下2头小猪,但在试验结束后,她又产下了2头小猪,试验期间没有产下任何小猪。不确定推迟分娩是否一定是由于应用了电刺激。然而,整体降低的背景噪声水平,意味着刺激环形电极对节律性收缩/放松周期有影响。

Fig. 7. - Open abdominal surgery for the EMG signal recording of the pregnant minipig uterus using the commercial EMG kit and micro-needle electrodes (left) and the duration of the handwriting time plot for contraction (1) and relaxation (0) (right) (A); Photograph images of the uterus by repetitive contraction and relaxation (red color and blue color mean contraction and relaxation, respectively) (B); Recorded EMG signal for the uterus of pregnant minipig (C).

猪刺激实验

实验结果表明,该仪器能记录子宫颈的收缩/松弛以及各种电刺激条件下的子宫信号。观察注射促收缩药物前后子宫信号的变化。持续的和各种各样的电刺激可能会延迟怀孕的小猪分娩的时间。

Y. Lee et al., "Non-Invasive Ring Electrode With a Wireless Electrical Recording and Stimulating System for Monitoring Preterm Labor," in IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 2627-2636, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2020.3032742.

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    2022-04-14 bsmagic9140
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1657463, encodeId=bba5165e463de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Thu Apr 14 17:08:09 CST 2022, time=2022-04-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=967258, encodeId=465596e2588e, content=已读,真是受益匪浅呀。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f03a5433387, createdName=ms5000000518166734, createdTime=Thu May 20 16:09:02 CST 2021, time=2021-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1559862, encodeId=b8fb15598629a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=edd15889ed4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#无创检测#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58897, encryptionId=edd15889ed4, topicName=无创检测)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a9de34, createdName=zhangpaul93, createdTime=Wed May 19 14:08:09 CST 2021, time=2021-05-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1565871, encodeId=53fa15658e1cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=edd15889ed4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#无创检测#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58897, encryptionId=edd15889ed4, topicName=无创检测)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a9de34, createdName=zhangpaul93, createdTime=Wed May 19 14:08:09 CST 2021, time=2021-05-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-05-20 ms5000000518166734

    已读,真是受益匪浅呀。

    0

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