柳叶刀:一滴酒也致癌!东亚人喝酒患癌率更高

2021-12-27 梅斯医学 MedSci原创

2020年所有新发癌症病例中估计有74万例可归因于饮酒。在男性中,有近57万例酒精引起的癌症病例,在女性中这一数值约为17万。其中肝癌、食管癌和乳腺癌受酒精的影响最多。

饮酒在日常生活中几乎不可避免,中国灿烂的酒文化更让我们对酒精充满着浪漫的想像。“适度饮酒有益健康”和“喝红酒软化血管”等观念已经深入人心,每日小酌一杯红酒成为了健康和高品质生活的象征。然而事实果真如此吗?

 

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blog.sina.com.cn

 

其实学术界对酒精的看法也经历过不同阶段。最初,研究认为酒精与心脑血管疾病的发生率呈现U型关联,也就是在小剂量范围内,饮酒的确可能降低心脑血管疾病的风险。

 

然而,随着研究的深入,这一观点被逐渐摈弃。《柳叶刀》曾发文表示,根据大样本数据显示,即便小剂量饮酒也会导致心脑血管疾病的风险上升,尤其是东亚人群对其更加敏感。

今年JAMA子刊也发文称,酒精会导致心律失常。研究人员对466名患者进行了为期10周的观察,明确酒精摄入会增加房颤的风险。

 

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doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2021.5010

 

他们同时研究了其他可能增加房颤发生率的生活方式,如咖啡摄入和睡眠减少等,结果发现这些因素都没有增加房颤的风险,酒精也因此被视为最重要的房颤诱因。同时也证实,即便是少量饮酒,心脑血管事件的发生也会增加。

而作为健康的另一个主要杀手,癌症与酒精的关系也备受学术界关注。截至目前,酒精已被证实与上呼吸、消化道(口腔、咽、喉、食管)癌症以及结肠癌、直肠癌、肝癌和乳腺癌有因果关系。

为了进一步明确酒精摄入与癌症的关联,国际团队近期在《柳叶刀》子刊发表了最新研究成果,尤其强调了饮酒会导致全球癌症负担加重,而且人种之间存在巨大差异,中国人在内的东亚人种首当其冲。

 

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doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00279-5.

 

这项研究使用国际癌症研究机构GLOBOCAN 2020数据库,根据癌症发病率估计值和世界各地酒精消费模式的数据进行统计分析,分别按性别、癌种和国家地区进行分类评估,并量化了不同酒精摄入量对癌症发病率的影响。

在这项大规模人群研究中,摄入量被分为三种:少量饮酒(平均每天低于20克)、中等饮酒(平均每天20~60克)和大量饮酒(平均每天超过60克)。这样的分类有利于研究少量饮酒是否真如宣传的那样无害于健康。

 

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搜狐网

 

研究团队认为在全球范围内,2020年所有新发癌症病例中估计有74万例可归因于饮酒。在男性中,有近57万例酒精引起的癌症病例,在女性中这一数值约为17万。其中肝癌、食管癌和乳腺癌受酒精的影响最多。

 

年龄标准化之后,研究团队得到全球酒精所致的癌症发病率为8.4/10万人。男性比女性更易受酒精的影响,其酒精所致癌症的发病率为13.4/10万人,显著高于女性的3.7 /10万人。

通过人群归因分数的计算,他们发现如果饮酒量降低为0,食管癌、咽癌和口唇癌的发病率会出现最大幅度的改善,大约分别下降31.6%、22.0%和20.2%。而这样的改善在男性中更为明显,例如,男性食管癌中有39.2%可归因于酒精,而女性则为14.3%。

 

图片

doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00279-5.

 

接着,研究人员发现东亚地区受酒精影响最为严重。例如中国和蒙古,其饮酒所致的癌症占新发癌症的比例最大。性别方面,东亚男性似乎更易受到酒精影响而发生肿瘤,而东亚女性受影响的程度较男性低,但在全世界排名仍然靠前。

进一步对不同地区的发病率进行统计,结论依然提示东亚男性是饮酒后易患癌体质,其酒精性癌症的发病率为21.5/10万人,仅次于中东欧地区的23.1/10万人。

 

图片

doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00279-5.

 

而女性酒精性癌症发病率前三的地区是澳洲、西欧和北欧,发病率分别为10.2/10万人、9.4/10万人和9.1/10万人。

另一个有趣的发现是,澳洲、西欧和北欧的男女酒精性癌症发病率大致相似,但在亚洲尤其是东亚和东南亚,男性发病率是女性的近7倍,这表明东亚男性饮酒的危害需要格外关注。

研究团队还证实少量饮酒也会诱发肿瘤。在所有饮酒所致的癌症病例中,大约14%的患者日均酒精摄入低于20克,属于少量饮酒。而中量和大量饮酒所致肿瘤的比例更高,分别占39.4%和46.7%。

图片

doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00279-5.

 

鉴于此,作者表示可以在酒品标签上添加癌症警告,类似于烟草产品上使用的警告,这样可以提高公众对酒精与癌症因果关系的认识,以此来减少酒精饮品的消费。

现阶段,全面禁酒并不符合中国国情,也与我们的文化传统相违背。但正如世卫组织提倡的那样,我们可以逐渐减少酒品供应量,通过税收来提高价格,从而实现对酒品的合理控制。小酌怡情,但也不要贪杯哦。

参考文献:

1.Harriet Rumgay, et al. Global burden of cancer in 2020 attributable to alcohol consumption: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol, 2021, 22(8): 1071-1080. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00279-5.
2.Gregory M Marcus, et al. Individualized Studies of Triggers of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: The I-STOP-AFib Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol, 2021, e215010. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.5010.

 

撰文 | 官水木

编辑 | Swagpp

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    2022-05-03 maotouying

    很不错的研究发现,学习了,非常感谢

    0

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    2021-12-29 ymljack
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    2021-12-29 lq0307
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    2021-12-27 moyanju2796

    分享一下。

    0

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夜班或者急诊常会遇到一些严重的心律失常,如房扑、房颤,阵发性室上性心动过速,室速、室扑室颤,它们常会引起严重的血流动力学障碍、意识丧失,甚至猝死,因此早期的识别和处理十分重要。

JAMA Internal Medicine:颠覆过往认知,咖啡不会扰乱心跳,反而能降低心律失常风险

咖啡,是全世界范围内最受欢迎的饮料,80%的成年人每天至少饮用一种含咖啡因的饮料。据估计,全球每天消费30亿杯咖啡。因其含有大量的咖啡因,常被人们饮用以醒神和提高工作效率。

针对室性心动过速,6种抗心律失常药物如何选?

临床可用的抗心律失常药物有哪些?应该如何选择呢?