Nat commun:热量限制饮食+雷帕霉素,能够延缓衰老

2022-04-26 王聪 “ 生物世界”公众号

随着年龄的增长,我们的肌肉不可避免地会失去质量和力量。这种衰老带来的肌肉损失结束了许多老年人的自主生活方式,他们必须依靠家人或医疗保健系统来提供日常支持。

每个人都希望保持健康的身体和强健的体型,但随着年龄的增长,身体会退化,疾病会增多,肌肉会萎缩,力量也会下降。

骨骼肌是人体运动系统的动力,肌肉的衰老和萎缩是人体衰老的重要标志。一些老年人更是会出现肌肉减少症(sarcopenia),导致行动困难、容易跌倒,甚至可能引发器官衰竭乃至死亡。

现代科技和医疗水平的进步,让我们的寿命比人类历史上任何时候都要长,但是,要想享受这些额外的岁月,我们需要保持健康、灵活和独立。然而,随着年龄的增长,我们的肌肉不可避免地会失去质量和力量。这种衰老带来的肌肉损失结束了许多老年人的自主生活方式,他们必须依靠家人或医疗保健系统来提供日常支持。

近日,巴塞尔大学的研究人员在 Nature Communications 期刊发表了题为:Distinct and additive effects of calorie restriction and rapamycin in aging skeletal muscle 的研究论文。

该研究表明,热量限制饮食和雷帕霉素治疗,具有叠加作用,二者结合能够更好地减缓老年小鼠的肌肉衰退

年龄相关的肌肉衰退在30多岁时就开始发生,在60岁左右时开始加速,到80岁时,我们将会失去大约三分之一的肌肉质量。虽然这种肌肉衰退过程无法停止,但我们可以减缓或抵消这一过程,例如加强锻炼。

如果我们能了解到随着年龄的增长肌肉发生了什么,就能够设计相应的治疗方法来对抗肌肉衰退、治疗肌肉减少症。

之前有研究表明,热量限制,雷帕霉素,都可以作为抗衰老的干预措施,二者都被认为是通过抑制mTOR蛋白复合体1(mTORC1)来发挥抗衰老作用,mTORC1的过度活跃会促进衰老。

热量限制(Caloric Restriction,CR)是指在提供充分的营养成分如必需氨基酸、维生素等,保证不发生营养不良的情况下,限制每日摄取的总热量,将总热量减少25-50%。

雷帕霉素(Rapamycin),是一种大环内酯类化合物,最早是从复活节岛土壤中的链霉菌中分离出来,被发现具有抗真菌作用,之后被发现具有免疫抑制功能。并于1999年被FDA批准上市作为免疫抑制剂用于减轻肾移植后的抗排异反应。近年来,雷帕霉素在抗肿瘤、抗衰老和改善神经退行性疾病中的作用被不断报道,被人们称作“神药”。

在这项最新研究中,研究团队在小鼠上验证了热量限制和雷帕霉素对肌肉衰退的作用。实验结果显示,热量限制会减缓小鼠肌肉衰退,而雷帕霉素则会进一步减缓热量限制的小鼠的肌肉衰退情况。

在还用雷帕霉素治疗的热量限制的小鼠中,这种有益效果是叠加的,与单独接受热量限制或雷帕霉素的小鼠相比,雷帕霉素+热量限制的小鼠的肌肉功能明显更好,与同龄小鼠相比,接受雷帕霉素+热量限制治疗的小鼠更活跃,身体能力更强,因为它们的肌肉保持健康。

肌肉健康是我们身体的财富,除了身体功能外,肌肉对于全身新陈代谢和器官的正常运转至关重要。这项研究提示了我们,对于老年人,尤其是出现肌肉减少症的老年人,mTORC1抑制剂、热量限制和运动的组合,或许是延缓肌肉衰老的更有效的治疗方法。

强健的肌肉为老年人提供了许多好处,对老年人的生活质量和满意度起着重要作用,也减轻了医疗保健负担。事实上,对我们所有人来说,这都有助于我们享受更长时间的积极和独立的生活。

原始出处:

Ham, D.J., B?rsch, A., Chojnowska, K. et al. Distinct and additive effects of calorie restriction and rapamycin in aging skeletal muscle. Nat Commun 13, 2025 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29714-6.

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    2023-02-18 liuli5079
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    2022-04-26 weigq

    希望!

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