Nature:饱和脂质诱导星形胶质细胞主动杀死神经元

2021-10-07 haibei MedSci原创

鉴于星形胶质细胞可以调节中枢神经系统对疾病和损伤的反应,人们猜想,星形胶质细胞可能可以在神经退行性疾病中主动杀死神经元。

已有的研究显示,星形胶质细胞在应对中枢神经系统(CNS)的疾病和损伤时会发生功能变化,但这些变化的基础机制及其治疗意义仍不清楚。曾有研究对全身性炎症后的星形胶质细胞进行了描述,发现小胶质细胞衍生的白细胞介素-1α(IL-1α)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)和补体成分1q(C1q)是在神经炎症背景下诱发星形胶质细胞反应性的必要和充分条件。由这些细胞因子激活的星形胶质细胞在体外分泌的因子对神经元和少突胶质细胞有毒性,但对其他中枢神经系统细胞没有毒性。

在体内,Il1a、Tnf和C1qa的基因组缺失可以防止视神经压迫(ONC)后或青光眼的珠子闭塞模型中视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)的死亡,并延长肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)的SOD1G93A模型小鼠的寿命。这些结果表明,星形胶质细胞可能有助于神经退行性疾病的发生和发展

鉴于星形胶质细胞可以调节中枢神经系统对疾病和损伤的反应,人们猜想,星形胶质细胞可能可以在神经退行性疾病中主动杀死神经元。最近,研究人员在Nature发文,报告了一种分离长期寻找的星形胶质细胞衍生的毒性因子的方法。

反应性星形胶质细胞条件培养基导致细胞死亡的机制。

值得注意的是,APOE和APOJ脂质颗粒中含有的饱和脂质是介导星形胶质细胞诱导的毒性的“元凶”,而不是蛋白质

通过在星形胶质细胞中特异性敲除饱和脂质合成酶ELOVL1来消除长链饱和脂质的形成,可以减轻星形胶质细胞在体外以及体内急性轴索损伤模型中介导的毒性。

总之,这些结果表明了星形胶质细胞在中枢神经系统中杀死细胞的一种机制。。

 

原始出处:

Kevin A. Guttenplan al. Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes induce cell death via saturated lipids. Nature (2021). 

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    2022-04-10 liye789132251
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    2021-10-08 智慧药

    学习学习

    0

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    2021-10-07 1481968cm59(暂无昵称)

    值得引起注意⚠️

    0

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