Nat Med:肥胖和高胰岛素血症让脂肪细胞分裂并衰老

2021-10-06 haibei MedSci原创

成熟的人类脂肪细胞,尽管长期以来被认为是有丝分裂后的细胞,意外地显示出一种基因和蛋白特征,能够激活与肥胖和高胰岛素血症有关的细胞周期程序,并伴随着细胞和核大小的增加。

肥胖与多种代谢性疾病密切相关,包括胰岛素抵抗、2型糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常和动脉硬化。因此,肥胖症是当今世界面临的主要健康挑战之一。人类脂肪组织主要通过脂肪细胞的肥大而扩张,脂肪细胞体积的增加与身体质量指数(BMI)和循环胰岛素水平密切相关。人类脂肪细胞的体积在其一生中可以增加200倍以上。然而,人们仍然不了解脂肪细胞如何适应如此大的体积变化。

人体内的多种细胞类型使用内复制(endoreplication)作为一种手段来适应体积的大幅增加。在内复制过程中,完全分化的细胞重新进入细胞周期并合成DNA,但不进行分裂,导致大细胞的DNA含量增加,核大小和/或核数量增加。目前,人类脂肪细胞中是否存在这样的机制尚不清楚。

除了在脂质储存方面的作用外,脂肪细胞也是脂肪因子的分泌者,对整个身体功能有广泛的影响。促进炎症的脂肪细胞分泌模式因肥胖而增强,并在大型脂肪细胞中尤为明显;然而,目前为止,连接脂肪细胞肥大和促进炎症分泌的基本机制仍不甚明了。

成熟的人类脂肪细胞表达的细胞周期转录图谱。

最近,研究人员证明,成熟的人类脂肪细胞,尽管长期以来被认为是有丝分裂后的细胞,意外地显示出一种基因和蛋白特征,能够激活与肥胖和高胰岛素血症有关的细胞周期程序,并伴随着细胞和核大小的增加。

脂肪细胞的细胞周期进展与肥胖和高胰岛素血症有关,同时细胞大小、核大小和核DNA含量也随之增加。然而,体外或人体的慢性高胰岛素血症与随后的细胞周期退出有关,导致脂肪细胞出现早衰的表达谱和分泌表型

过早衰老正迅速成为公认的压力诱导的组织功能障碍的重要媒介。通过证明脂肪细胞可以激活一个细胞周期程序,研究人员定义了一个成熟的人类脂肪细胞衰老的机制。

研究人员进一步表明,通过使用二甲双胍靶向脂肪细胞的细胞周期程序,有可能影响脂肪细胞的衰老和肥胖相关的脂肪组织炎症

 

原始出处:

Qian Li al. Obesity and hyperinsulinemia drive adipocytes to activate a cell cycle program and senesce. Nature Medicine (2021). 

 

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    2022-09-18 baoya
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    2021-11-08 liye789132251
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