Cell Metab:第一次发现棕色脂肪可以调控肌肉功能

2018-08-04 佚名 生物通

人类婴儿和小型哺乳动物体内富含的棕色脂肪组织(BAT)近年来已在成人体内发现,但具体的作用尚不清楚。


人类婴儿和小型哺乳动物体内富含的棕色脂肪组织(BAT)近年来已在成人体内发现,但具体的作用尚不清楚。

但这种脂肪在产生体热和燃烧储存能量方面发挥着不可或缺的作用,而且其存在与较低的体重和改善的血糖水平有关,使其成为糖尿病,肥胖和其他代谢疾病潜在治疗的研究目标。

来自复旦大学生科院,加州大学洛杉矶分校,以及哈佛医学院的研究人员第一次发现棕色脂肪可以调控骨骼肌功能。这篇题为“Brown Adipose Tissue Controls Skeletal Muscle Function via the Secretion of Myostatin(棕色脂肪组织通过分泌肌肉生长抑制素调控骨骼肌功能)”的文章揭示了棕色脂肪与骨骼肌之间全新的交互作用和分子关联,为阐明复杂代谢网络的奠定了基础。

这一研究成果公布在8月2日Cell Metabolism杂志上。文章的通讯作者为复旦大学生科院刘铁民教授,加州大学洛杉矶分校孔星星教授(同为第一作者),以及哈佛大学医学院Evan Rosen教授。

骨骼肌和棕色脂肪组织(BAT)是人体利用产热维持体温和能量平衡的两大重要器官,二者具有共同的祖细胞。运动可诱导多种肌肉因子表达,通过旁分泌/内分泌作用于棕色脂肪组织促进其褐变。相反,棕色脂肪能否调控骨骼肌的功能尚未可知。

十年前,这一研究团队发现转录因子IRF4对于脂肪组织功能至关重要,并在2014年进一步确定IRF4是棕色脂肪中能量燃烧和产热的关键调节因子,也是BAT线粒体生物合成和产热的关键因子。将BAT中的IRF4敲除(BATI4KO)会降低产热基因的表达和能量消耗,小鼠变的肥胖和不耐受低温。

而且BATI4KO小鼠的运动能力较对照组明显下降,镜下可见股外侧肌出现IBD%E8%AF%8A%E6%B2%BB%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0-Part%" target="_blank">组织学及超微结构的病理改变,这种异常表现驱动了课题组对其机制的继续探索,也增加了探求BAT如何影响骨骼肌的兴趣和动力。

在此基础上,研究人员提取小鼠股外侧肌线粒体做进一步研究发现,运动功能受损的BATI4KO小鼠其线粒体功能、核糖体蛋白合成和肌肉mTOR信号传导均受抑制。RNA-seq表明棕色脂肪中IRF4的缺失会促进其肌源性基因特征性表达,其中包括分泌因子肌肉生长抑制素(肌抑素是一种明确的肌肉功能抑制剂)。分离小鼠BAT与C2C12体外共培养得到与体内试验一致的结果。将中和性抗体或可溶性ActRIIB受体注入BATI4KO小鼠可降低肌抑素活性并使其运动能力恢复正常。而IRF4在BAT中的过度表达(BATI4OE)则降低了血清中的肌抑素水平,增加了肌肉的线粒体功能和运动能力。

为使研究结果置于生理背景下,研究人员将野生型小鼠饲养温度提高至30℃,该条件大大降低了IRF4的表达,这种热中性饲养引起的异常表型与BATI4KO基本一致,表现为运动能力降低、血清肌抑素增加;而上述两种异常改变都可通过手术切除BAT纠正。

由此研究人员指出,热中性使BAT释放大量的肌抑素入血,等同于敲除BAT中的IRF4。增加的肌抑素抑制IIB型肌纤维mTOR信号,从而阻遏翻译,包括线粒体电子传递链的组成部分,造成易感肌肉的生物能量缺陷和功能性肌病。研究揭示了棕色脂肪和骨骼肌之间更为深入的、全新的互作关系,为阐明复杂代谢网络的奠定了基础,为更好地认识、解决脂肪及肌肉代谢障碍疾病提供了新思路。

原始出处:

Xingxing Kong, et al.Brown Adipose Tissue Controls Skeletal Muscle Function via the Secretion of Myostatin.Cell Metabolism.Published online: August 2, 2018

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    2018-08-31 guojianrong
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    2019-04-01 维他命
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    2018-10-31 一闲
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    2018-08-04 小小小麦兜

    学习了

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Ame J Cardiol:高润霖院士等十二五课题组报告,我国≥35岁居民房颤患病率0.71%,预计有487万房颤

近期,由国家心血管病中心,中国医学科学院阜外医院高润霖院士和王增武等进行的十二五课题组报告,我国≥35岁居民中,有0.71%有房颤。该研究估计,估计中国≥35岁居民房颤患者约有487万。

Molecular Biology and Evolution:我国科学家发现同时调控人群肤色变浅和适应寒冷的基因

我国科学家发现了同时调控现代人肤色变浅及适应寒冷的基因。该成果日前发表在国际期刊《分子生物学与进化》上。