Nat Commun:肠道微生物共丰度网络在炎症性肠病和肥胖中的特异性

2020-08-15 森普 免疫细胞研究bioworld

肠道微生物群是一个涉及复杂相互作用的生态系统。目前,研究人员对肠道微生物群在健康和疾病中的作用的了解主要依赖于不同的微生物丰度,而对微生物相互作用在人类疾病背景下的作用知之甚少。

2020年8月11日,来自荷兰格罗宁根大学的傅靖远教授团队在Nature Communications上发表题为Gut microbial co-abundance networks show specificity in inflammatory bowel disease and obesity的文章。

肠道微生物群是一个涉及复杂相互作用的生态系统。目前,研究人员对肠道微生物群在健康和疾病中的作用的了解主要依赖于不同的微生物丰度,而对微生物相互作用在人类疾病背景下的作用知之甚少。在这里,研究人员使用来自四个人类队列的2379个元基因组构建并比较了微生物共丰度网络:一个炎症性肠病(IBD)队列,一个肥胖队列和两个基于人群的队列。研究人员发现,38.6%的物种共丰度和64.3%的通路共丰度的强度在队列之间存在显着差异,113个物种和1,050个通路共丰度显示出IBD特异性效应,281个通路共丰度显示肥胖特异性效应。研究人员也可以在整合人类微生物组(iHMP-IBD)项目的IBD队列的纵向数据中复制这些IBD微生物共丰度。研究人员的研究确定了IBD和肥胖的几个关键物种和通路,并提供了证据表明疾病中微生物丰度的改变可以影响它们的共丰度关系,这丰富了研究人员目前对疾病中微生物失调的认识。

肠道微生物共丰度网络的构建

分析显示,微生物组成和功能图谱在很大程度上是重叠的,尽管研究人员观察到IBD队列中的物种组成发生了显着变化。至少一个队列中>20%的样本中存在的134个细菌种类和343个微生物通路被纳入微生物网络推断。研究人员结合SparCC和SpiecEasi方法建立了微生物共丰度关系。

对于物种网络,研究人员在LLD队列中确定了2604个共同丰度,在500FG队列中确定了1591个共同丰度,在300OB队列中确定了1107个共同丰度,在IBD队列中确定了2554个共同丰度,总共产生了3454个独特的物种共同丰度。值得注意的是,82.1%的物种共同丰度也表现出共现。

对于通路,共丰度的数量从500FG的37,279个到LLD的40,699个不等,总共产生了43,355个独特的通路共丰度。

不同的微生物共同丰度反映在丰度水平上

当放大涉及可变共丰度的100个物种和304条通路时,76%的物种和84%的通路在队列之间的丰度水平也显示出显着差异。这意味着可变的共丰度关系在很大程度上反映在不同的微生物丰度上。研究人员总结了来自同一属或来自不同属的物种之间差异共丰度的数量。共丰度异质性最大的属是链球菌,不仅在不同的链球菌之间观察到大量不同的共丰度,而且在链球菌与其他属的物种之间也观察到大量不同的共丰度,如真细菌和韦洛氏菌。在IBD队列中,链球菌的种类更高,这与之前的研究结果一致。对通路共丰度也发现了类似的观察,特别是氨基酸生物合成通路,它不仅在自身内部,而且在与核苷和核苷酸生物合成相关的各种通路方面也显示出多样性。

特定的微生物共丰度在疾病队列中富集

研究人员分析了可变的共同丰度关系是否由特定的队列驱动,即一个队列中的队列丰度强度是否与其他三个队列中的队列丰度强度有很大不同。有趣的是,与基于群体的队列相比,疾病队列中的群组特异性共丰度显着富集:113(94%)个物种共丰度和1050个(72%)通路共丰度与IBD队列特异相关,281个(19.4%)通路共丰度与300OB队列特异相关,相比之下,只有3个物种和117条通路的共同丰度关系专属于基于种群的队列LLD和500FG。研究人员的结果强调了微生物的共同丰度取决于宿主的健康和疾病状况。

IBD中的微生物共丰度网络

在整合人类微生物组项目(iHMP-IBD)队列中复制IBD网络:在研究人员的IBD队列中建立的2554个物种和37,699个通路共丰度中,研究人员能够评估iHMP-IBD39中77个IBD个体中的2090个物种共丰度和37,106个通路共丰度。物种共同丰度的相对较低复制率在很大程度上是一个功率问题,因为研究人员还观察到,1705(81.6%)个物种共同丰度和24,165个(65.1%)通路共同丰度在研究人员的IBD队列和iHMP-IBD队列之间的共同丰度强度没有显着差异。然后,研究人员比较了iHMP-IBD队列第一个和最后一个时间点(相隔~1年)之间的IBD网络,复制了90.6%的物种共丰度和99.6%的通路共丰度。这表明,研究人员对IBD共丰度强度的估计在不同的队列中很大程度上是可重复的,并且随着时间的推移是稳定的。

IBD的微生物网络与疾病特征的关系:以前的研究表明,观察到的微生物丰度差异可以用IBD14的某些疾病特征来解释。因此,研究人员假设同源丰度关系也可能是这种情况。研究人员评估IBD共丰度是否与疾病亚型[溃疡性结肠炎(UC,n=189)与克罗恩病(CD,n=276)]、疾病部位[回肠(n=212)与结肠(n=286)]以及疾病活动[炎症(n=121)与非炎症(n=377)]相关。大多数共丰度关系在疾病特征之间是可比的,只有少数在FDR<0.05上显示出显着差异,即与疾病亚型有关的16种共丰度和与地点有关的8种共丰度。对于通路共丰度,91个与疾病亚型有关,24个与位置有关,3个与活动性有关。其中5个共丰度关系与一种重要的丁酸产生菌-普氏杆菌相关,uc比cd表现出更强的共丰度关系。

与药物相关的IBD微生物网络:研究人员进一步测试了药物使用是否会影响微生物共丰度,因为IBD患者使用抗生素(20.0%)和质子泵抑制剂(PPI;26.5%)高于普通人群队列(1.1%和8.4%)。研究人员发现抗生素使用者和非抗生素使用者之间的物种共丰度没有显着差异,而在37,959(3.7%)条通路共丰度关系中,有1049条(3.7%)的通路共丰度关系在PPI使用者和非使用者之间显示出统计上的显着差异,特别是与异戊二烯生物合成和甲基赤藓糖醇磷酸通路有关。

IBD中的关键物种和通路:当将IBD中的微生物共丰度与其他3个队列进行比较时,研究人员确定了113个物种共丰度和1050个路径共丰度,与其他3个队列相比显示出显着不同的影响。然后,研究人员评估这些IBD特异性共丰度是否与可能与疾病相关的特定通路或物种高度相关24,研究人员的分析确定了IBD的三个关键物种和四个关键通路。

重点菌种为大肠杆菌、产状草杆菌和格雷文尼茨放线菌。大肠杆菌和产甲氧菌先前曾与IBD14,41-45相关。有趣的是,大肠杆菌与具有促炎特性的物种(如变形链球菌)显示出正的共丰度关系,而与具有抗炎特性的物种(如普氏镰刀菌)显示出负的共丰度关系。

IBD的关键通路包括C1化合物利用和同化通路、两条维生素生物合成通路和氨基酸生物合成通路。IBD中最关键的功能通路是还原性TCA循环通路(P23-pwy),它有76个IBD特异性共丰度,其中94.7%在iHMP-IBD队列中复制。还原性TCA循环是一条二氧化碳固定通路,已被认为是生产用于糖、脂、氨基酸、嘧啶和菜醌生物合成的有机分子的原始通路。

尽管IBD中这一通路的丰度较高,但IBD中这一通路的共丰度关系(r=0.1)弱于其他队列(r=0.3)。研究人员发现IBD患者中18.8%的菜醌生物合成通路是由大肠杆菌贡献的,是两个人群队列的2倍。这一发现表明,大肠杆菌是IBD中菜醌生物合成的重要贡献者,这可能会促进其他微生物的生长。事实上,研究人员的研究还揭示了大肠杆菌是IBD的关键物种,与15个物种表现出IBD特有的共丰度关系。其中,与炎症相关的链球菌种类有很强的正相关性,包括变形链球菌、前庭链球菌和婴儿链球菌。因此,与其他队列相比,IBD患者的菜醌生物合成与链球菌种类之间的相关性更高。

300OB中的微生物共丰度网络

300OB网络在LLD肥胖个体中的复制:在300OB队列中检测到1107个物种和37,886个通路共丰度。这些估计的共丰度强度在LLD队列中年龄和体重指数(BMI)匹配的134名肥胖者中大部分可复制,991(89.5%)种共丰度和32,963(87.0%)通路共丰度显示没有差异。

与肥胖相关疾病相关的微生物网络:300OB队列是为了研究肥胖个人的血管疾病而设立的,其中包括139名动脉粥样硬化斑块患者和159名肥胖对照。此外,35名300OB参与者患有糖尿病。在这里,研究人员只观察到三种与心血管疾病相关的物种共丰度,所有这三种物种在有斑块的患者中都显示出比没有斑块的患者更强的共丰度。

肥胖的关键通路:当研究人员比较300OB和其他3个队列中的微生物共丰度时,研究人员确定了281个通路共丰度,它们显示出显着不同的影响,即肥胖特异性共丰度。肥胖的一个关键通路是尿囊素的降解,它显示了85条通路的肥胖特异性共丰度关系。尿囊素是多种植物(如山药)中的活性成分之一,被发现具有促进胰岛素分泌和降低血糖的作用。其降解产物草酸在草酰乙酸酯/天冬氨酸氨基酸中起抑制作用。与此相一致,研究人员发现尿囊素降解通路与草酰乙酸/天冬氨酸(包括赖氨酸、高丝氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和异亮氨酸)的生物合成通路和天冬氨酸的生物合成通路呈较强的负相关,两者均与空腹血糖水平呈正相关,与空腹胰岛素水平呈负相关。

原始出处:

Lianmin Chen, Valerie Collij, Martin Jaeger, et al.Gut microbial co-abundance networks show specificity in inflammatory bowel disease and obesity.Nat Commun. 2020 Aug 11;11(1):4018. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17840-y.

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    2021-03-14 liuli5079
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    2020-11-04 liye789132251
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    2020-08-15 叮当

    由于肥胖所导致的心血管类疾病易发

    0

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