Nature Genetics:颉伟/朱冰合作揭示DNA甲基化稳定且可塑性遗传的机制研究

2020-07-22 BioArt BioArt

在细胞分裂复制的过程中,基因组信息会传递给子代细胞,同时表观遗传修饰信息会传递给子代细胞以维持细胞的状态。与基因组不同的是,表观遗传在代间的传递是不精确却稳定的。

在细胞分裂复制的过程中,基因组信息会传递给子代细胞,同时表观遗传修饰信息会传递给子代细胞以维持细胞的状态。与基因组不同的是,表观遗传在代间的传递是不精确却稳定的(Cell Research丨衰老或肿瘤中为何DNA甲基化异常?朱冰组系统阐述DNA甲基化维持过程精细控制的分子基础),并且具有高度的可塑性,能够适应并维持不同的起始的表观状态。这些特性使得表观基因组能够随着细胞命运的转变而改变并最终帮助维持细胞特定的状态。然而,表观遗传的稳定传递是如何实现的至今仍然知之甚少。


2020年7月20日,清华大学生命学院颉伟研究组与中国科学院生物物理研究所朱冰研究组通过紧密合作,在Nature Genetics杂志上以长文形式发表了题为 Imprecise DNMT1 activity coupled with neighbor-guided correction enables robust yet flexible epigenetic inheritance (不精确DNMT1与“临近区域依赖修正机制”促进稳定且可塑表观遗传)的研究论文,阐明表观遗传修饰在并不精确的维持机制作用下如何维持稳定遗传的基本机理。这一重要研究发现了不精确的DNMT1甲基化活性(包括从头甲基化活性与并不完美的甲基化维持活性)能导致随机DNA甲基化“突变”(epimutations)。然而这些“表观遗传突变”在细胞传代过程中倾向于进行自我修复。有趣的是,该修复可能正是通过DNMT1的不精准活性。并且这种不精准活性还能完成对不同起始甲基化水平的稳定遗传,进而同时实现表观修饰的可塑性和可遗传性(robust yet flexible epigenetic inheritance)。这样一套表观遗传可塑性遗传机制的核心是基于对邻近区域甲基化水平敏感的DNMT1活性的“调节-稳定”系统(neighbor-guided correction)。研究人员相信类似系统可能在表观遗传修饰的传递过程中广泛存在。


在该研究中,研究人员建立了一种“DNMT1-only”的小鼠胚胎干细胞系,发现DNMT1-only单细胞克隆群体细胞DNA甲基化仍然呈现内部细胞的异质性。同时,该甲基化组仍然能够在细胞扩增及分化过程中稳定地传递。进一步的机制研究显示:


1)DNMT1具有不精确的甲基化维持活性和低水平从头甲基化活性,导致自发“表观遗传突变”的产生;


2)这些表观遗传突变在细胞扩增过程中倾向于被一种临近区域甲基化水平敏感的修正机制所修复;


3)在这种临近区域甲基化水平依赖的修正系统中,DNMT1的邻近区域敏感的从头甲基化活性与甲基化维持活性发挥了重要作用;


4)模拟计算结果和全基因组单碱基分辨率从头甲基化及维持活性图谱进一步证实DNMT1的从头甲基化活性与邻近区域的甲基化水平相关。


最后,研究人员发现基因组中不同区域具有不同的DNMT1从头甲基化和维持活性,比如H3K9me2/3富集的区域具有更高水平的从头甲基化活性,CpG岛区域则具有较低的甲基化维持活性及从头甲基化活性,进而提供了基因组不同调控序列上不同甲基化水平维持的新机制。综上所述,该工作系统地研究了表观修饰如何在不精确遗传模式下实现稳定且可塑性遗传,发现了表观修饰临近区域依赖的修正新机制,为理解表观遗传修饰的遗传以及不同调控元件上DNA甲基化的维持机制提供了新思路。


据悉,颉伟教授与朱冰研究员为本文的通讯作者,清华大学生命科学联合中心博士后王秋军、博士研究生于广、以及中国科学院生物物理研究所明轩博士为本文共同第一作者。弗吉尼亚理工学院Hehuang Xie教授及Xiguang Xu同样为课题研究做出了突出贡献。该课题得到了清华大学生物医学测试中心基因测序平台以及计算平台的大力协助和支持。


通过“临近区域依赖修正机制”所介导的DNA甲基化稳定且可塑性遗传。该机制依赖于DNMT1从头甲基化活性和不精确维持活性。

原始出处:

Qiujun Wang 1 2, Guang Yu 1 2, Xuan Ming 3,et al.Imprecise DNMT1 activity coupled with neighbor-guided correction enables robust yet flexible epigenetic inheritance.Nat Genet. 2020 Jul 20. doi: 10.1038/s41588-020-0661-y. Online ahead of print.

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    2021-02-22 huperzia
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    2020-07-22 肿肿

    机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要

    0

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    2020-07-22 医鸣惊人

    学习

    0

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