Nature:免疫细胞竟会分泌神经递质,限制肿瘤免疫

2021-11-06 haibei MedSci原创

B细胞缺乏或在B细胞中特异性失活GABA生成酶GAD67可以增强抗肿瘤反应。

淋巴细胞受到各种受体与可溶性的和细胞结合蛋白的相互作用的调节。然而,来自免疫细胞的小型代谢产物在某些组织中也很丰富,其中许多可能具有尚待了解的信号潜力。越来越多的研究关注了不同免疫细胞在分化和激活的不同阶段产生和消耗代谢产物的情况。研究人员最近作出假设,水溶性代谢物可以作为环境线索,介导免疫细胞之间的相互作用

小型可溶性代谢物不仅是细胞内生化过程中的重要中间体,而且在释放到细胞外环境中时也能影响邻近的细胞。

最近,研究人员发现,代谢物和神经递质GABA是由活化的B细胞和浆细胞合成并分泌的候选信号分子

GABA是一种主要的抑制性神经递质,调节神经元之间的交流。在大脑之外,GABA已在肠道、脾脏、肝脏和胰腺中被检测到。在非免疫WT小鼠中的定量测量显示,外周和粘膜淋巴结中的GABA数量高于肝脏或胰腺,支持富含B细胞的淋巴组织是产生GABA的重要来源这一观点。

然而,除了胰腺β细胞,神经元以外的GABA的细胞来源仍然是未知的。尽管GABA前体谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸在B细胞和骨髓细胞中含量丰富,但B细胞的特点是GABA含量丰富,无论是在静止的(对侧)还是激活的(同侧)腘窝淋巴结中。来自骨髓、脾脏、Peyer's patches和小肠固有层IgA+浆细胞的B细胞也具有GABA水平升高的特点。

此外,在对小鼠淋巴结或人类外周血的淋巴细胞进行的非靶向MS分析中,GABA和其他谷氨酸代谢成分在B细胞中相对更丰富。对两种将谷氨酸转化为GABA的关键酶的分析表明,与T细胞相比,编码谷氨酸脱羧酶67(GAD67)的转录本在小鼠和人类B细胞中都升高了,这表明谷氨酸代谢在两个物种中都是B系细胞的特征。

B细胞通过GABA限制抗肿瘤反应。

B细胞衍生的GABA促进单核细胞分化为抗炎巨噬细胞,分泌白细胞介素-10,并抑制CD8+T细胞杀伤功能。在小鼠中,B细胞缺乏或在B细胞中特异性失活GABA生成酶GAD67可以增强抗肿瘤反应

因此,该研究结果显示,除了细胞因子和膜蛋白外,来自B细胞的小型代谢物也具有免疫调节功能,这可能是允许对免疫反应进行微调的制药目标。

 

原始出处:

Baihao Zhang et al. B cell-derived GABA elicits IL-10+ macrophages to limit anti-tumour immunity. Nature (2021). 

 

 

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    2022-06-12 liye789132251
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    2022-02-10 gwc392
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    2021-11-06 1de0c31fm07(暂无匿称)

    学习。

    0

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    2021-11-06 zhq379

    学习了

    0

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    2021-11-06 1551fe08aem

    小细胞肺癌中合并边缘性脑炎患者,外周血和脑脊液中能检测到GABAbw抗体

    0

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