Cell Reports:这种于精液中发现的物质,可预防大脑早衰、延长寿命

2021-04-19 生物世界 生物世界

2021年4月13日,德国柏林自由大学的研究人员在 Cell 子刊 Cell Reports 期刊上发表题为:eIF5A hypusination, boosted by dietary spermi

对于自然生命而言,衰老是不可避免的。随着年龄的增长,人的各项身体机能会不断衰弱,具体表现为肌肉衰退、记忆力变差以及认知能力减弱等等。所幸,科学的发展促进对衰老的认知,并以此对抗衰老。

近年来,烟酰胺、二甲双胍以及亚精胺等化合物均被证实可以延缓机体衰老的进程。其中,亚精胺最早于精液中发现,也因此得名,当然,亚精胺并非只存在于精液中,它也存在于人体其他组织和细胞中。

近年来的研究表明亚精胺具有多种神奇的功效,包括且不限于抗衰老、抗癌、保护血管、改善高血压、增强免疫力以及预防老年痴呆等等。例如,2009年一篇发表在 Nature Cell Biology 上的论文就表明,亚精胺能够引发细胞自噬,从而延长多种模式生物的寿命。

2021年4月13日,德国柏林自由大学的研究人员在 Cell 子刊 Cell Reports 期刊上发表题为:eIF5A hypusination, boosted by dietary spermidine, protects from premature brain aging and mitochondrial dysfunction 的研究论文。

这项研究发现,在果蝇大脑中,真核生物翻译起始因子eIF5A的羟丁赖氨酸修饰(hypusination)水平会随着年龄的增长而下降。有趣的是,在食用亚精胺之后,这些成年果蝇的eIF5A-hypusination水平将得到提高,线粒体障碍和大脑过早衰老均得到改善。

大脑与其他器官系统类似,随着年龄的增长,其功能也会逐渐衰退,具体表现为记忆力、注意力、决策速度和运动协调能力的下降。此前对大脑进行的分子和细胞水平的研究揭示了大脑的线粒体功能障碍在衰老过程中尤为明显。

由此看来,随着年龄的增长,维持脑细胞的线粒体完整性和代谢功能可能是维持健康脑功能的关键。最近在膳食中添加亚精胺(spermidine)已经成为了一种延缓衰老的保护策略,并被证实可以在衰老果蝇中延缓年龄诱导的记忆形成障碍。

在此项研究中,研究团队发现亚精胺可以维持果蝇衰老大脑中的线粒体蛋白丰度,并保护其正常功能。紧接着,研究人员通过RNA测序分析(RNA-seq)对15天龄果蝇的大脑进行转录分析,由此确定亚精胺的效应是通过转录后机制实现的。

亚精胺促进果蝇大脑线粒体的蛋白质丰度

值得一提的是,在机体中,亚精胺除了扮演其他角色外,还是真核翻译起始因子5A (eIF5A)的羟丁赖氨酸修饰(hypusination)合成的氨基丁基供体,而羟丁赖氨酸修饰可以通过促进某些mRNA的有效翻译延伸来调节翻译和蛋白质组学特征。

基于此,研究团队也观察到亚精胺与eIF5A的功能状态特别相关。研究人员发现,成年果蝇中的eIF5A的羟丁赖氨酸修饰会随着年龄的增长而减少。在果蝇中年(mid-age)之前往其食物中添加亚精胺,可以增强eIF5A的羟丁赖氨酸修饰水平。

亚精胺可以增强eIF5A的羟丁赖氨酸修饰水平

那么eIF5A的羟丁赖氨酸修饰水平又如何与线粒体功能以及大脑衰老联系起来呢?对此,研究团队构建了四种不同的基因型的果蝇,这些果蝇的羟丁赖氨酸修饰水平均受到抑制,并表现出年龄相关的线粒体呼吸障碍和记忆形成缺陷。

这意味着,足够的羟丁赖氨酸修饰对保持果蝇大脑中的线粒体功能是至关重要的。并且,这一效应是通过影响线粒体蛋白质组表达水平来实现的。

减少eIF5A的羟丁赖氨酸修饰水平将降低线粒体的呼吸作用

除此之外,研究人员还发现,亚精胺的抗衰老作用依赖于eIF5A-hypusination,当与羟丁赖氨酸修饰相关的基因被突变或敲低后,果蝇将不再受益于亚精胺。

CG8005敲低后的大脑全局蛋白质组学显示线粒体的氧化磷酸化和核糖体均减少

本研究的模式图

总而言之,这项研究通过对模式动物果蝇大脑的深度分析证实:(1)亚精胺在大脑老化过程中促进线粒体的蛋白丰度和功能;(2)大脑中的hypusination水平随年龄的增长而降低,但在中年之前可以通过饮食亚精胺来维持;(3)遗传性hypusination水平衰减对线粒体的功能和蛋白质组成有显着的影响;(4)遗传性hypusination水平衰减消除了亚精胺的抗衰老效应。

如今,越来越多的研究表明衰老不应该被认为是一个自然过程,而是一种疾病,既然是疾病,那么就可以针对性治疗,甚至逆转。科学的发展使得人类能够不断探索和认识衰老的奥秘。

原始出处:

YongTian Liang, et al. eIF5A hypusination, boosted by dietary spermidine, protects from premature brain aging and mitochondrial dysfunction. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108941.

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    2021-06-17 维他命
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    2021-04-20 hb2008ye
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    2021-04-19 ZJYYY7

    神奇神奇

    0

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    2021-04-19 zy&kt

    成也自噬败也自噬,尽管亚精胺在正常人体中似乎很安全,但在荷瘤小鼠体内也增加了肿瘤的尺寸。因此考虑到多胺对癌细胞生长的潜在需求,未来仍需要更多相关研究。

    0

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