Psychological Medicine: 动态因素对精神障碍患者暴力风险的预测价值不大

2021-05-26 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

在预测精神障碍患者的暴力风险方面,除了静态因素外,可调节的动态因素几乎没有增加价值。今后的工作应明确区分有助于预测的风险因素和与需求有关的风险因素。

精神病患者实施暴力很常见。一项涉及122项研究中近7万名精神病住院患者的综述发现,暴力的平均发生率为32%,每月每100名住院患者发生183起暴力事件。暴力对受害者、其他病人、工作人员和整个机构都有严重的不良后果,并可能破坏对犯罪者的护理(他们可能不得不转移到一个更安全的环境或拘留)。作为任何预防性策略的一部分,提高评估可以帮助为那些施暴风险最高的患者提供额外的治疗,并筛选出施暴风险低的患者,使资源使用最优化,其中一些人可能会搬到社区类的安保等级低的环境。

精神病住院患者的暴力行为与可改变因素有关。Fazel, S.等在Psychological Medicine杂志撰文描述了一种简单的、可扩展的风险监测工具的开发和评估,用于评估法医病房和普通成人病房的精神病住院患者的暴力风险,并评估动态危险因素在该工具的预测性能中的增量值。

该研究招募了三家精神病医院法医病房和普通病房的成年精神病住院患者,并进行了为期6个月的前瞻性随访。每1-4周收集可修改(动态)危险因素的信息,以及基线背景因素。数据导入到一个基于web的监测系统(FOxWeb)来计算总的动态风险评分。结果是从记录攻击和人际暴力的事件报告系统中提取的。采用多水平logistic回归分析总动态评分与暴力事件之间的关系,并与动态评分进行比较。

从一项涉及110项研究和45533名个体的精神病暴力的系统综述(Witt, van Dorn, & Fazel, 2013)中,确定了与暴力风险相关性最强的可调节或动态风险因素。这些因素被用来制定10个问题来评估动态风险(FOxWeb Dynamic Factors.docx)。

为了最大化可扩展性,这些问题被设计为由任何熟悉患者的心理健康专业人员(如护士、心理学家、医生或职业治疗师)根据常规收集的信息回答,而不需要额外的临床面谈。关于动态风险的10个问题随后被整合到一个在线监测平台FOxWeb(法医牛津网络工具)中。总的动态得分是未加权的单项得分的总和。此前,在一项针对法医精神病门诊患者的试点研究中,该平台已被证明易于使用并可被临床医生接受。它提供了一个基于web的界面,用于数据收集和气泡图的实时图形输出。

该研究招募了89名患者并进行了624项独立评估。平均年龄39±12.5岁,女性占20%(18名)。常见诊断为精神分裂症谱系障碍(70%,n = 62)和人格障碍(20%,n = 18)。共发生93起暴力事件。

风险因素与暴力事件发生之间的关联

与暴力风险相关的因素是总动态得分≥1 (OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.25-9.20),年龄每增加10岁(OR 0.67, 0.47-0.96)和女性(OR 2.78, 1.04-7.40)。与精神分裂症谱系障碍的相关性不显著(OR 0.50, 0.20-1.21)。在使用所有协变量的固定效应模型中, AUC为0.77(0.72-0.82),当剔除动态评分时,AUC为0.75(0.70-0.80)。

住院暴力主要预测模型的ROC曲线:包含随机效应的预测。AUC 0.87 (95% CI 0.84-0.91)。

预测患者暴力的主要模型的ROC曲线:预测不包含随机效应。AUC 0.77(95% CI 0.72-0.91)。

这项前瞻性研究对89名住院精神病患者进行了6个月的随访,进行了624项评估,包括一系列静态和可调节的暴力风险因素,并确定了93起随后的住院暴力事件。该团队开发并测试了一个包含许多可修改或动态因素的预测模型(FOxWeb),并通过一个包含四个静态因素的模型来检验其增量性能。也研究了是否简单的改变预测模型可以提高其准确性。

在预测精神障碍患者的暴力风险方面,除了静态因素外,可调节的动态因素几乎没有增加价值。今后的工作应明确区分有助于预测的风险因素和与需求有关的风险因素。

原文出处

Fazel, S., Toynbee, M., Ryland, H., Vazquez-Montes, M., Al-Taiar, H., Wolf, A., . . . Fanshawe, T. (2021). Modifiable risk factors for inpatient violence in psychiatric hospital: Prospective study and prediction model. Psychological Medicine, 1-7. doi:10.1017/S0033291721002063

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    2022-02-16 仁医06
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