Spine J:腰椎黄韧带与椎板、椎间孔关系解剖研究

2014-11-19 orthowhq 丁香园

黄韧带起于颈2椎体,沿脊柱,终于骶1。在相邻的椎板间走行,黄韧带构成脊柱椎管的背侧表明。对黄韧带经典的解剖描述由Naffzinger等于1938年提出,在他们的描述中,黄韧带起于上位椎板的下方或前下方,止于下位椎板的上方或后上方。 后续有学者将其分作棘突间、椎板间和关节囊间三部分,进而分为浅层和深层两部分。但迄今为止,关于黄韧带在椎管外侧的大体解剖研究很少。深入研究其解剖特点,有利于放射科医生和

黄韧带起于颈2椎体,沿脊柱,终于骶1。在相邻的椎板间走行,黄韧带构成脊柱椎管的背侧表明。对黄韧带经典的解剖描述由Naffzinger等于1938年提出,在他们的描述中,黄韧带起于上位椎板的下方或前下方,止于下位椎板的上方或后上方。

后续有学者将其分作棘突间、椎板间和关节囊间三部分,进而分为浅层和深层两部分。但迄今为止,关于黄韧带在椎管外侧的大体解剖研究很少。深入研究其解剖特点,有利于放射科医生和外科医生更好的理解黄韧带的意义,及在椎管狭窄中的作用。

澳大利亚麦考瑞大学医院麦考瑞神经外科的学者,进行了一项尸体解剖研究,明确了腰椎深层黄韧带的解剖特点及与椎板、椎间孔的关系,文章于2014年9月发表在Spine J上。

该研究对象为14例福尔马林固定的尸体腰椎标本(9例男性,5例女性,平均年龄68岁),包括腰椎5个节段、双侧共计140个节段。其中12例标本,俯卧位,切除棘突,由后部正中进入,仔细研究黄韧带起止点及与椎间孔的关系。

另2例标本,整块完整切除腰椎,切除软组织,包括椎旁肌,脊髓,神经根,硬膜。从轴位、矢状位、冠状位研究黄韧带的特点。

研究结果显示,黄韧带由浅层和深层两部分组成,浅层起于上位椎板下缘,止于下位椎板上缘和后上缘。深层的起止点差异较大,112/140(80%)起于上位椎板下缘,28/140(20%)起于上位椎板中部腹侧(向尾侧逐步增加的趋势)(图1)。49/140(35%)止于下位椎板上缘,91/140(65%)止于下位椎板中部腹侧(向尾侧逐步增加的趋势)(图2)。

图1.jpg

图1 去除棘突和打开后柱后,可见黄韧带。在此标本,黄韧带起于上位椎板中部,止于下位椎板上缘。

图2.jpg

图2 腰椎标本矢状切面。随腰椎节段下降,黄韧带深层越来越明显成为脊柱后柱的结构,连接椎板,其外侧边越来越突入椎间孔。

10%的腰椎黄韧带连续贯穿。最常见的黄韧带起止点方式为:起于上位椎板下缘,止于下位椎板中部(54%,表1)。

表1 黄韧带起止点类型

类型

上位椎板起点

下位椎板止点

数量(总数140)

1

下缘

上缘

37

2

下缘

中部

75

3

中部

上缘

12

4

中部

中部

16

  对黄韧带深层与椎间孔关系的研究表明,黄韧带深层在椎板内侧部分纵向走向,在外侧,在椎间孔后方边界处转向外下方向,在椎间孔外,黄韧带转向背侧加强毗邻的关节突关节囊(图3)。

图3.jpg

图3 切除前柱后冠状切面,腰椎的前外侧观。在此标本,左侧黄韧带起于上位椎板下缘,止于下位椎板中部。

在椎间孔内,黄韧带深层凸起作用于椎间孔孔径的前后狭窄,与椎间孔的关系共三种模式(图4)。

图4.jpg

图4矢状面和轴位示意图,表明黄韧带外侧与椎间孔的三种关系模式。A类,黄韧带不超过椎管骨性边界(3/140,2%)。B类,黄韧带到达椎管骨性边界但未全覆盖(59/140,42%)。C类,黄韧带覆盖椎管后方骨性轮廓(78/140,56%)。

以上研究深入研究了腰椎黄韧带的解剖特点,包括椎板起止点,与椎间孔的关系。这些解剖研究有助于影像资料的阅读理解,及椎管狭窄时的充分减压。

本研究首次报道了腰椎黄韧带深层,随逐渐向尾侧推移,逐渐突入椎间孔,使得椎间孔孔径前后径逐渐变窄。从而利于放射科和脊柱外科医生,更好理解椎间孔狭窄的原因。本研究所用标本均为高龄,其结果可能不能完全适用于年轻人。

原始出处

Chau AM1, Pelzer NR2, Hampton J2, Smith A2, Seex KA3, Stewart F3, Gragnaniello C4.Lateral extent and ventral laminar attachments of the lumbar ligamentum flavum: cadaveric study.Spine J. 2014 Oct 1

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1699358, encodeId=16401699358ed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f5821661e14' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Spine#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16617, encryptionId=f5821661e14, topicName=Spine)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ba5829925263, createdName=mgqwxj, createdTime=Thu Sep 17 02:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2023724, encodeId=613b2023e24d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=466b10323086' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黄韧带#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103230, encryptionId=466b10323086, topicName=黄韧带)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Mon Feb 02 22:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1736635, encodeId=3f011e36635de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0192628906a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#椎间孔#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62890, encryptionId=0192628906a, topicName=椎间孔)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=273734174228, createdName=ms622625817193301, createdTime=Tue Mar 31 12:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1272033, encodeId=20d012e20332f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cd1a854340b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#腰椎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85434, encryptionId=cd1a854340b, topicName=腰椎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e93e105, createdName=anminleiryan, createdTime=Fri Nov 21 02:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1507388, encodeId=d5f5150e38843, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16b7100010c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#韧带#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100010, encryptionId=16b7100010c7, topicName=韧带)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d9b19890064, createdName=juliusluan81, createdTime=Fri Nov 21 02:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-09-17 mgqwxj
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1699358, encodeId=16401699358ed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f5821661e14' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Spine#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16617, encryptionId=f5821661e14, topicName=Spine)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ba5829925263, createdName=mgqwxj, createdTime=Thu Sep 17 02:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2023724, encodeId=613b2023e24d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=466b10323086' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黄韧带#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103230, encryptionId=466b10323086, topicName=黄韧带)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Mon Feb 02 22:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1736635, encodeId=3f011e36635de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0192628906a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#椎间孔#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62890, encryptionId=0192628906a, topicName=椎间孔)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=273734174228, createdName=ms622625817193301, createdTime=Tue Mar 31 12:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1272033, encodeId=20d012e20332f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cd1a854340b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#腰椎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85434, encryptionId=cd1a854340b, topicName=腰椎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e93e105, createdName=anminleiryan, createdTime=Fri Nov 21 02:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1507388, encodeId=d5f5150e38843, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16b7100010c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#韧带#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100010, encryptionId=16b7100010c7, topicName=韧带)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d9b19890064, createdName=juliusluan81, createdTime=Fri Nov 21 02:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-02 drwjr
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1699358, encodeId=16401699358ed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f5821661e14' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Spine#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16617, encryptionId=f5821661e14, topicName=Spine)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ba5829925263, createdName=mgqwxj, createdTime=Thu Sep 17 02:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2023724, encodeId=613b2023e24d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=466b10323086' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黄韧带#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103230, encryptionId=466b10323086, topicName=黄韧带)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Mon Feb 02 22:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1736635, encodeId=3f011e36635de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0192628906a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#椎间孔#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62890, encryptionId=0192628906a, topicName=椎间孔)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=273734174228, createdName=ms622625817193301, createdTime=Tue Mar 31 12:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1272033, encodeId=20d012e20332f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cd1a854340b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#腰椎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85434, encryptionId=cd1a854340b, topicName=腰椎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e93e105, createdName=anminleiryan, createdTime=Fri Nov 21 02:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1507388, encodeId=d5f5150e38843, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16b7100010c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#韧带#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100010, encryptionId=16b7100010c7, topicName=韧带)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d9b19890064, createdName=juliusluan81, createdTime=Fri Nov 21 02:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1699358, encodeId=16401699358ed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f5821661e14' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Spine#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16617, encryptionId=f5821661e14, topicName=Spine)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ba5829925263, createdName=mgqwxj, createdTime=Thu Sep 17 02:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2023724, encodeId=613b2023e24d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=466b10323086' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黄韧带#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103230, encryptionId=466b10323086, topicName=黄韧带)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Mon Feb 02 22:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1736635, encodeId=3f011e36635de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0192628906a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#椎间孔#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62890, encryptionId=0192628906a, topicName=椎间孔)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=273734174228, createdName=ms622625817193301, createdTime=Tue Mar 31 12:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1272033, encodeId=20d012e20332f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cd1a854340b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#腰椎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85434, encryptionId=cd1a854340b, topicName=腰椎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e93e105, createdName=anminleiryan, createdTime=Fri Nov 21 02:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1507388, encodeId=d5f5150e38843, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16b7100010c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#韧带#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100010, encryptionId=16b7100010c7, topicName=韧带)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d9b19890064, createdName=juliusluan81, createdTime=Fri Nov 21 02:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1699358, encodeId=16401699358ed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f5821661e14' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Spine#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16617, encryptionId=f5821661e14, topicName=Spine)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ba5829925263, createdName=mgqwxj, createdTime=Thu Sep 17 02:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2023724, encodeId=613b2023e24d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=466b10323086' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黄韧带#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103230, encryptionId=466b10323086, topicName=黄韧带)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Mon Feb 02 22:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1736635, encodeId=3f011e36635de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0192628906a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#椎间孔#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62890, encryptionId=0192628906a, topicName=椎间孔)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=273734174228, createdName=ms622625817193301, createdTime=Tue Mar 31 12:37:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1272033, encodeId=20d012e20332f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cd1a854340b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#腰椎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=85434, encryptionId=cd1a854340b, topicName=腰椎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e93e105, createdName=anminleiryan, createdTime=Fri Nov 21 02:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1507388, encodeId=d5f5150e38843, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16b7100010c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#韧带#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100010, encryptionId=16b7100010c7, topicName=韧带)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d9b19890064, createdName=juliusluan81, createdTime=Fri Nov 21 02:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]