JAMA Psychiatry:大麻应该合法化吗?看看青春期吸食大麻与神经发育的关联

2021-06-17 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

大麻使用在多大程度上与磁共振成像测量的大脑皮质厚度的发育有关?

大麻是一种常用的精神药物,特别是在美国青少年和年轻人中。相对于一般人群,青少年去年吸食大麻的流行率最高,超过三分之一的美国12年级学生报告称有吸食大麻史。78%的青少年首次吸食大麻的人年龄在12岁到20岁之间。这些流行率引起了人们的关注,因为青少年时期使用大麻与执行功能和冲动控制的持久损伤有关。

可能介导与大麻使用的长期行为关联的神经生物学机制仍不清楚。吸食大麻与青少年发育的潜在联系是一个日益相关的公共健康问题,特别是鉴于有证据表明,在娱乐性大麻使用已合法化的地区,青少年的问题性大麻使用有所增加。

基于这些,有研究小组在青少年的纵向样本中,分析了磁共振(MR)成像评估的大脑皮质厚度发育与大麻使用的关联程度。该研究成果近日发表在JAMA Psychiatry杂志上。

数据来自基于社区的IMAGEN队列研究,在8个欧洲站点进行。本研究基线数据采集时间为2008年3月1日至2011年12月31日,随访数据采集时间为2013年1月1日至2016年12月31日。共有799名IMAGEN参与者在研究基线时报告为未用药的大麻患者,在基线和5年随访时均有行为和神经成像数据。统计分析时间为2019年10月1日至2020年8月31日。

根据欧洲学校酒精和其他药物调查项目,对大麻使用情况进行了基线评估和5年随访。解剖磁共振图像为获得三维T1加权磁化准备梯度的回波序列。

该研究评估了799名参与者(450名女性参与者[56.3%])的1598张MR图像。在5年的随访中,大麻的使用与左前额叶和右前额叶皮质的厚度呈负相关。5年随访时终生使用大麻与基线皮质厚度之间没有显著相关性,表明观察到的神经解剖学差异并不先于开始使用大麻。

纵向分析显示,年龄相关的皮质变薄是以剂量依赖的方式被大麻使用所限定的,因此从基线检查到随访期间,更多的大麻使用与左前额叶和右前额叶皮质变薄的增加有关。

在这个样本中,大麻相关变薄的空间模式与年龄相关变薄有关,正电子发射断层扫描评估了来自单独参与者样本的大麻素1受体结合图谱。分析显示,从基线检查到随访,右前额叶皮质变薄与随访时的注意冲动有关。

磁共振成像-评估终生使用大麻的不同程度的皮质变薄

总之,结果表明,在青春期中后期使用大麻可能与皮质发育改变有关,特别是在富含CB1受体和表现出长期成熟轨迹的前额叶区域。目前的调查是迄今为止对青少年大麻使用规模最大的纵向神经成像研究。

研究者在青少年的纵向样本中报告了青少年大麻使用和皮质厚度发育改变之间的关联证据。大麻相关变薄的空间格局与基于PET的CB1受体可用性图谱以及与年龄相关的厚度变化图谱相关。这些发现强调了进一步对青少年使用大麻进行纵向研究的重要性,特别是考虑到娱乐性大麻使用日益合法化的趋势。

参考文献:Albaugh MD, Ottino-Gonzalez J, Sidwell A, et al. Association of Cannabis Use During Adolescence With Neurodevelopment. JAMA Psychiatry. Published online June 16, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.1258

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    2021-06-19 kcb069
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    2021-06-19 neurowu
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    2021-06-18 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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    2021-06-17 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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