越来越多夫妻做试管婴儿,这项黑科技能不能阻断遗传病?

2020-09-05 39健康网 39健康网

近年来,全球包括中国在内的不孕症发病率升高。试管婴儿技术这项助孕“黑科技”被无数家庭视为圆梦生子的最后希望,其费用一次需要3万-3.5万。

“医生,我想尽快生一个孩子,就想做试管婴儿!”

当得知确诊不孕症,已经36岁高龄的邱芝跟老公(化名)心急如焚,进了诊室一坐下就央求医生给他们做试管婴儿。

近年来,全球包括中国在内的不孕症发病率升高。试管婴儿技术这项助孕“黑科技”被无数家庭视为圆梦生子的最后希望,其费用一次需要3万-3.5万。

是不是只要不孕,就可以通过做试管婴儿来怀上孩子?39健康就此采访了西北妇女儿童医院医学生殖中心主任师娟子教授和副主任医师李娜教授。

符合这些特征的不孕症,适合做试管婴儿

试管婴儿是“体外受精-胚胎移植”技术的俗称,是指从女方卵巢内取出卵子,在实验室里将卵子与男方的精子进行结合、培养形成胚胎,然后将胚胎移植到女方子宫内,使之着床发育成胎儿。

作为常用的辅助生殖技术,试管婴儿技术是世界公认治疗不孕症的最高级手段。因此,许多人把试管婴儿当作解决生育难题的最后一棵救命稻草。也存在不少认识误区,以为“试管”受孕生下的就不是自己的亲生娃,一来做“试管”就要求定制双胞胎,要求定制孩子的性别,这些都是错误的认识,甚至是违反国家法律法规的。

“并非确诊不孕,就要做试管婴儿。”李娜教授指出,在门诊不孕症患者中只有10%左右,需要借助试管婴儿、人工受精等辅助技术来助孕,大部分的不孕患者通过促排卵或药物治疗,就可以达到受孕的目的。

如果经过常规治疗依然无法解决怀孕,才需要考虑做试管婴儿治疗。试管婴儿技术有明确的指征,需要进行医学评估。根据国家卫健委的要求,做试管婴儿必须符合以下条件:

1、精卵遇合困难,也就是精子和卵子见不到面,问题在于女性双侧输卵管堵塞。

2、排卵障碍,经过多次常规促排卵治疗都没有成功。

3、子宫内膜异位症,尤其是双侧卵巢巧克力囊肿的患者。

4、男性的精子质量极差,罹患严重的少精弱精症。

5、不明原因不孕,比如结婚五六年,夫妻双方找不到不孕不育的原因,常规治疗方法试了个遍也没用,这时也需要考虑做试管。

6、其他,包括肿瘤患者的生育力保存、特殊遗传病等。

有上述情况之一的不孕症患者,才有资格去做试管婴儿。

“试管”人群在扩大,可以阻断家族遗传病

近年来,试管婴儿的概念越来越被大家熟知,国家对试管婴儿技术指征进行了拓展,临床上的一些家族遗传病患者也被允许通过“试管”生育健康宝宝。因此,想要尝试试管婴儿方式受孕的人群正在扩大。

据统计,2019年,西北妇女儿童医院医学生殖中心全年门诊量42万人次,完成试管婴儿治疗16177例,其中新鲜取卵周期9586例,冻融胚胎周期6591例,平均临床妊娠率60%。

师娟子教授告诉39健康编辑,试管婴儿技术自诞生发展至今已经三代了,已经不仅仅局限于治疗不孕症。现在,试管婴儿技术越来越多地应用于肿瘤患者。比如乳腺癌病人接受放化疗后卵巢功能可能严重受损;或者卵巢双侧良性的囊肿,像巧克力囊肿要做卵巢切除手术,这时可以在治疗前把胚胎或者卵子冻起来,去做生育保存。

还有,不孕症夫妇找不到病因,但在试管婴儿的过程中,发现有卵子异常或者精卵结合障碍,胚胎发育得比较慢或者不能长成囊胚,通过对病人的血标本检测可以发现导致不孕的基因。

我们知道,做“试管”必定筛选的是优质的卵子和精子,是不是能够避免把家族遗传病传递给下一代?

“普通的常规IVF,也就是第一代和第二代试管婴儿技术,尚无法阻断遗传病。”师娟子教授解释说,它只是把精子优化,再与卵子结合进行体外培养,然后筛选形态最好的胚胎或者囊胚移植。

当然,第三代试管婴儿技术可以实现优生,为有遗传病的夫妻提供生育健康孩子的机会。对于染色体异常、单基因病,比如染色体平衡异位携带者,一怀孕就流产,就可以通过做“试管”,在胚胎培养形成囊胚以后,取其细胞做基因检测,然后挑选染色体正常的胚胎移植到子宫,从而阻断遗传病,生育出健康宝宝。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1710252, encodeId=2ca11e1025286, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ac59e67604' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阻断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97676, encryptionId=7ac59e67604, topicName=阻断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b5ca31824852, createdName=41514497@qq.com, createdTime=Sun Jun 27 10:09:40 CST 2021, time=2021-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1813184, encodeId=365c181318468, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1fdd91e56f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#试管婴#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91756, encryptionId=1fdd91e56f7, topicName=试管婴)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=11b4465, createdName=ying_wu, createdTime=Wed Jul 28 05:09:40 CST 2021, time=2021-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=883993, encodeId=992688399399, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210217/bf8f4015b005432b8bf8575d45400ea2/36191d171d954ec89366515469cd846b.jpg, createdBy=8daa5402284, createdName=ms3000001549034475, createdTime=Wed Sep 09 22:14:22 CST 2020, time=2020-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=883110, encodeId=cdf688311070, content=学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e7572458878, createdName=12412355m93暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Sep 06 14:44:34 CST 2020, time=2020-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=883010, encodeId=a1f488301018, content=⁞ つ: •̀ ⌂ •́ : ⁞-︻╦̵̵͇̿̿̿̿══╤─, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200923/de2a239ce9df42dc882925bcb6c100a8/e9912319a90f40d9bdd47ca307457781.jpg, createdBy=28465311282, createdName=王永磊, createdTime=Sun Sep 06 08:22:26 CST 2020, time=2020-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-07-28 ying_wu
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    2020-09-09 ms3000001549034475

    谢谢分享

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1710252, encodeId=2ca11e1025286, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7ac59e67604' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阻断#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97676, encryptionId=7ac59e67604, topicName=阻断)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b5ca31824852, createdName=41514497@qq.com, createdTime=Sun Jun 27 10:09:40 CST 2021, time=2021-06-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1813184, encodeId=365c181318468, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1fdd91e56f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#试管婴#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=91756, encryptionId=1fdd91e56f7, topicName=试管婴)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=11b4465, createdName=ying_wu, createdTime=Wed Jul 28 05:09:40 CST 2021, time=2021-07-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=883993, encodeId=992688399399, content=谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210217/bf8f4015b005432b8bf8575d45400ea2/36191d171d954ec89366515469cd846b.jpg, createdBy=8daa5402284, createdName=ms3000001549034475, createdTime=Wed Sep 09 22:14:22 CST 2020, time=2020-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=883110, encodeId=cdf688311070, content=学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e7572458878, createdName=12412355m93暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Sep 06 14:44:34 CST 2020, time=2020-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=883010, encodeId=a1f488301018, content=⁞ つ: •̀ ⌂ •́ : ⁞-︻╦̵̵͇̿̿̿̿══╤─, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200923/de2a239ce9df42dc882925bcb6c100a8/e9912319a90f40d9bdd47ca307457781.jpg, createdBy=28465311282, createdName=王永磊, createdTime=Sun Sep 06 08:22:26 CST 2020, time=2020-09-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-09-06 12412355m93暂无昵称

    学习了。

    0

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    2020-09-06 王永磊

    ⁞ つ: •̀ ⌂ •́ : ⁞-︻╦̵̵͇̿̿̿̿══╤─

    0

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怀孕以后究竟何时开始去看产科医生,在不同的地区,不同的医院,有很不同的做法。很多医院的做法是早孕归妇科管,要等到20周以后才能去产科,这实在是太不负责任、太荒唐,具体原因请阅读我以前写过的文章“怀孕生孩子那些事 之 产科从早孕开始”。

10年追踪研究表明 试管婴儿患肝脏肿瘤的风险更高?

自IVF(in Vitro Fertilization,体外受精)技术于上世纪70年代问世以来,已经造福了无数家庭。今天,即便是普通大众,对“试管婴儿”这个名词也不再陌生。近年来对IVF技术研究已经不断完善成熟,但是通过体外受精出生的孩子仍然存在一些健康风险,如早产、低出生体重、先天性缺陷和遗传印记缺失等问题。因此科学家们也在持之以恒跟踪通过IVF受孕出生的孩子成长中的健康状况。最新一期的《美国医

试管婴儿对女性的伤害有多大?

人类的发展都是依靠着有性生殖延续下来的。在历史的长河当中,有着无数的人生育了伟大的后代。但也有很多人因为各种病理原因无法生育。近代以前的时间里,在生育方面的医疗条件并不理想,无法解决不孕的问题。现在出现的试管婴儿解决了这种问题。但是,对于这种技术大家褒贬不一。最多的人考虑,试管婴儿对女性的伤害有多大?

试管婴儿和自然怀孕的宝宝有什么不同?

如今的社会生活水平和以前比起来有了很大的提高,医学技术水平有了明显的进步,对于生活中一些不孕不育的夫妻来说,可以说是有了很大的福音,那就是通过在体外受精的方式,把卵子和精子结合,然后做试管婴儿成功形成的受精卵再次植入到女人的子宫当中,从而就可以帮助这些人实现做父母的愿望。

Gynecol Endocrinol:连续三次重复试管婴儿患者体外受精周期中顺序胚胎移植与囊胚移植的妊娠结局

本研究旨在确定在体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF/ET)中,连续3次反复IVF失败的患者在第3天和第5天都进行双胚移植与第5天单独移植的妊娠率。