ATVB:“心脑相连”——主动脉脉搏波速度加快影响大脑灰质和白质病变

2021-11-29 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

老年痴呆症是老龄化社会的一个重要的公共卫生问题。

老年痴呆症是老龄化社会的一个重要的公共卫生问题。除了年龄和基因等影响因素外,老年痴呆症的病因至今尚未明了。血管疾病如高血压,被认为是导致老年痴呆症的危险因素。但这一理论还未从临床试验上得到证实。心血管疾病与认知功能之间关联的生物机制还需要进一步研究。

作为动脉硬度测量“金标准”的主动脉脉搏波速度(PWV)以被公认为是一个独立的、对心血管疾病的预测指标。了解PWV和认知功能的关联,就可以进一步了解血管危险因素对认知能力下降和痴呆症的的作用。

为了确定由PWV测量的基线主动脉僵硬度是否与老年人的纵向大脑灰质或白质变化有关,来自范德比尔特记忆与阿尔茨海默病中心的专家开展了相关研究,结果发表在Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology杂志上。

主动脉脉搏速度(m/s)是通过心脏磁共振进行量化的。多模态3T脑磁共振成像包括用于量化灰质体积的T1加权成像和用于量化WMH的T2加权流体衰减反转恢复成像。混合效应回归模型将基线主动脉脉搏波速度与纵向灰质体积(总、额、顶、颞、枕、海马和下侧脑室)和WMH体积(总、额、顶、颞和枕)联系起来,调整了年龄、性别、种族/民族、教育、认知诊断、弗雷明汉中风风险谱、APOE(脂蛋白E)-ε4携带者状态和颅内体积。

来自范德比尔特记忆与衰老项目(n=335)的278名参与者(73±7岁,58%为男性, 159人认知正常,119人有轻度认知障碍)被平均跟踪4.9±1.6年,PWV测量在2012年9月至2014年11月,纵向脑磁共振成像测量发生在2012年9月到2021年6月。

随时间推移,较高的基线PWV速度与海马(β=-3.6[mm3/y]/[m/s]; [95% CI, -7.2 to -0.02] P=0.049)和枕叶(β=-34.2[mm3/y]/[m/s]; [95% CI, -67.8 to -0.55] P=0.046)灰质体积减少有关。同时,较高的PWV速度与颞叶灰质体积随时间的推移而增加有关(β=17.0[mm3/y]/[m/s]; [95% CI, 7.2-26.9] P<0.001)。

基线PWV对大脑白质、灰质影响的示意图

综上,在老年人中,较高的基线主动脉脉搏波速度与灰质体积减少和WMHs加重有关,而这些区域变化与老年痴呆发生密切相关。

 

参考文献:

Elevated Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Relates to Longitudinal Gray and White Matter Changes. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.121.316477. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2021;41:3015–3024

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