空腹抽血是一口水都不能喝吗?

2018-12-08 佚名 胃肠病

到医院就诊,常听到的就是医生讲:这个检验需要空腹、那个检查需要空腹,可你知道到底怎么样才算空腹吗?今天我们就来好好唠一唠。


到医院就诊,常听到的就是医生讲:这个检验需要空腹、那个检查需要空腹,可你知道到底怎么样才算空腹吗?今天我们就来好好唠一唠。

一 哪些项目需要空腹?

①“严格空腹项目”

空腹血糖、血脂、肾功能(主要是血尿素和血尿酸)、肝功能(主要是胆红素、转氨酶)、血粘度,需空腹检查。

②“小空腹项目”

“小空腹”指的是早上没吃高蛋白、高脂肪类食物,只喝了稀饭这类低脂食物,这类人可以推迟在中午或午后时间(早餐后4小时以上)抽血化验。

凝血功能、糖化血红蛋白、血常规、血沉,免疫所有化验项目如乙肝三系、肝炎全套、各类激素、心肌标志物、甲状腺功能、肿瘤标志物、自身抗体、类风关等。

③“餐后项目”

餐后半、1、2、3小时血糖、C肽、胰岛素,请严格遵照医嘱服糖后掐准准确时间抽血。

多长时间算空腹?

“空腹”是指“晨起已空腹10~12小时”,也就是指抽血的前一天晚上,体检人员保持平时的生活习惯,维持正常的饮食结构,并做到晚饭要清淡,不饮酒、咖啡、浓茶,不吃夜宵,休息好。

前一天不吃晚饭更好?

有的患者怕吃饭会影响化验结果,甚至在抽血的前一天晚上就开始不吃晚饭等着去化验,这是错误的!

因为身体若处在过度饥饿状态,体内各项机能指标数会有非正常变化,这样就会导致采集的血样与正常情况有所不同。

所以,这样化验出来的结果即使“正常”,却可能并未准确反映病人的真实情况,尤其对糖尿病患者的影响明显,因为饿的时间过长,就会有出现低血糖休克风险,因此糖尿病患者在化验空腹血糖前,前一天晚上一定要正常吃晚饭。

空腹体检什么时间最好?

体检空腹采血的最佳时间是在早上6:30~9:30,最迟不宜超过10:00。

若空腹超过12小时,虽然仍是空腹血,但由于体内生理性内分泌激素的影响,可使血糖等指标发生变化,不能反映平时的水平,从而失去化验的意义。

所以,空腹的时间并非越长越好,早晨体检还是宜早不宜迟。

空腹可以喝水吗?

受检者被告知体检前至少要禁食8小时、禁水6小时以上,并不意味着不能喝一口水,“禁水”的含义可理解为不能大量喝水。

一般以不超过200ml为宜。少量必须要喝的水,尤其是为了服药时,是没有问题的。但一定要记住,只能喝白开水,不能喝饮料、茶水、咖啡等,以免影响检测结果。

空腹必须停药吗?

“空腹”并不是说不能服用药物,例如每天必须要服用的药物,停用甚至会导致危急重症的药物,是千万不能随意中断的。

例如:降压药,贸然停用会引起血压骤升;减慢心率药,贸然停用会导致心率骤快;降糖药,贸然停用会使血糖升高和波动;甲状腺相关药物,停用会引起心慌、手抖等甲亢症状的加重;其他需长期服用的药物,如抗凝药、抗心律失常药、抗癫痫药、强心药等。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2067054, encodeId=c0d3206e05454, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2e9ee5386f8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#空腹抽血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75386, encryptionId=2e9ee5386f8, topicName=空腹抽血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3b172500206, createdName=12498ebem19暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Nov 06 01:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354975, encodeId=bcea3549e5de, content=谢谢了,学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=30331616752, createdName=txqjm, createdTime=Mon Dec 10 07:06:55 CST 2018, time=2018-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354974, encodeId=b3cb3549e4cf, content=谢谢了,学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=30331616752, createdName=txqjm, createdTime=Mon Dec 10 07:06:42 CST 2018, time=2018-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354891, encodeId=8a8035489159, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160304/IMG56D94856B1B5D6405.jpg, createdBy=27931687771, createdName=一个字-牛, createdTime=Sun Dec 09 08:37:03 CST 2018, time=2018-12-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354878, encodeId=c6c03548e870, content=学习,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyhb9xDeHojCicsdRdyC3XXdGk2ib9yLypZuHN06WeW4HO8WN0GGrgEfvnTX8gsckof05GHOU5OM4Mvx/0, createdBy=9cee1982656, createdName=执着追梦, createdTime=Sun Dec 09 07:04:09 CST 2018, time=2018-12-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-12-10 txqjm

    谢谢了,学习

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2067054, encodeId=c0d3206e05454, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2e9ee5386f8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#空腹抽血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75386, encryptionId=2e9ee5386f8, topicName=空腹抽血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3b172500206, createdName=12498ebem19暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Nov 06 01:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354975, encodeId=bcea3549e5de, content=谢谢了,学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=30331616752, createdName=txqjm, createdTime=Mon Dec 10 07:06:55 CST 2018, time=2018-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354974, encodeId=b3cb3549e4cf, content=谢谢了,学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=30331616752, createdName=txqjm, createdTime=Mon Dec 10 07:06:42 CST 2018, time=2018-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354891, encodeId=8a8035489159, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160304/IMG56D94856B1B5D6405.jpg, createdBy=27931687771, createdName=一个字-牛, createdTime=Sun Dec 09 08:37:03 CST 2018, time=2018-12-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354878, encodeId=c6c03548e870, content=学习,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyhb9xDeHojCicsdRdyC3XXdGk2ib9yLypZuHN06WeW4HO8WN0GGrgEfvnTX8gsckof05GHOU5OM4Mvx/0, createdBy=9cee1982656, createdName=执着追梦, createdTime=Sun Dec 09 07:04:09 CST 2018, time=2018-12-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-12-10 txqjm

    谢谢了,学习

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2067054, encodeId=c0d3206e05454, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2e9ee5386f8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#空腹抽血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75386, encryptionId=2e9ee5386f8, topicName=空腹抽血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3b172500206, createdName=12498ebem19暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Nov 06 01:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354975, encodeId=bcea3549e5de, content=谢谢了,学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=30331616752, createdName=txqjm, createdTime=Mon Dec 10 07:06:55 CST 2018, time=2018-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354974, encodeId=b3cb3549e4cf, content=谢谢了,学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=30331616752, createdName=txqjm, createdTime=Mon Dec 10 07:06:42 CST 2018, time=2018-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354891, encodeId=8a8035489159, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160304/IMG56D94856B1B5D6405.jpg, createdBy=27931687771, createdName=一个字-牛, createdTime=Sun Dec 09 08:37:03 CST 2018, time=2018-12-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354878, encodeId=c6c03548e870, content=学习,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyhb9xDeHojCicsdRdyC3XXdGk2ib9yLypZuHN06WeW4HO8WN0GGrgEfvnTX8gsckof05GHOU5OM4Mvx/0, createdBy=9cee1982656, createdName=执着追梦, createdTime=Sun Dec 09 07:04:09 CST 2018, time=2018-12-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-12-09 一个字-牛

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2067054, encodeId=c0d3206e05454, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2e9ee5386f8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#空腹抽血#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75386, encryptionId=2e9ee5386f8, topicName=空腹抽血)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3b172500206, createdName=12498ebem19暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Nov 06 01:41:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354975, encodeId=bcea3549e5de, content=谢谢了,学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=30331616752, createdName=txqjm, createdTime=Mon Dec 10 07:06:55 CST 2018, time=2018-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354974, encodeId=b3cb3549e4cf, content=谢谢了,学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=30331616752, createdName=txqjm, createdTime=Mon Dec 10 07:06:42 CST 2018, time=2018-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354891, encodeId=8a8035489159, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160304/IMG56D94856B1B5D6405.jpg, createdBy=27931687771, createdName=一个字-牛, createdTime=Sun Dec 09 08:37:03 CST 2018, time=2018-12-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354878, encodeId=c6c03548e870, content=学习,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyhb9xDeHojCicsdRdyC3XXdGk2ib9yLypZuHN06WeW4HO8WN0GGrgEfvnTX8gsckof05GHOU5OM4Mvx/0, createdBy=9cee1982656, createdName=执着追梦, createdTime=Sun Dec 09 07:04:09 CST 2018, time=2018-12-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-12-09 执着追梦

    学习,谢谢分享

    0