Cancer Cell:重大发现!科学家阐明癌细胞重编程血管促进癌症扩散的分子机理

2017-03-08 生物谷 生物谷

血管在癌症的生长和扩散中都扮演着重要的角色,而且血管的内皮细胞和癌细胞彼此能够亲密接触,并且互相影响彼此,近日,刊登在国际杂志Cancer Cell上的一项研究报告中,来自德国癌症研究中心和海德堡大学的研究人员就对内皮细胞和癌细胞之间的相互作用进行了深入研究。 文章中,研究者惊人地发现,肿瘤的

图片摘自:www.hyscience.com

血管在癌症的生长和扩散中都扮演着重要的角色,而且血管的内皮细胞和癌细胞彼此能够亲密接触,并且互相影响彼此,近日,刊登在国际杂志Cancer Cell上的一项研究报告中,来自德国癌症研究中心和海德堡大学的研究人员就对内皮细胞和癌细胞之间的相互作用进行了深入研究。

文章中,研究者惊人地发现,肿瘤的血管中名为Notch的信号分子的活化形式的水平较高,相比健康器官而言,在肺癌、肠癌以及乳腺癌的血管内壁细胞中,研究者同样也发现了较高水平的激活受体,同时肿瘤内皮组织中Notch激活水平越高,癌症的扩散就越为猖獗,患者的预后就会较差。

受体蛋白Notch通过配偶体激活是临近细胞之间信号交流的关键通讯通路,不管是从线虫到昆虫,再到人类机体,Notch在胚胎发育期间能够调节器官的发育,而在成年人机体中,这种信号蛋白却能够调节血液干细胞的活性。很多年前,癌症研究人员就通过研究发现,异常的Notch信号会促进细胞癌变,比如会将白细胞转化成为白血病细胞;本文研究中,研究者Fischer与其同事通过研究首次发现,肿瘤微环境中细胞的Notch活性对癌症或许也会产生一定影响。

通过对小鼠进行研究,研究者就发现,肿瘤细胞自身在Notch活化同内皮细胞之间相互接触上或许也负有重大责任,它们能够对血管壁细胞进行重编程,从而就为癌症在机体全身扩散提供新的通路,肿瘤内皮组织中Notch信号激活的水平越高,癌细胞进入到血液中的水平就越高,转移性癌症的形成就越快。让研究者更不可思议的是,肿瘤细胞机体中Notch信号的激活或许并不局限于肿瘤的血管中,其还会影响肺部组织的内皮细胞,而肿瘤似乎会释放特殊的信号物质来为其后期转移提供基础。

由于Notch信号发生了激活,因此内皮细胞就会增加接触性分子VCAM1的产生,这种蛋白就类似于按扣一样,其能够促进癌细胞吸附于血管壁上并且为其通行做好准备,此外,激活Notch信号也能够更加容易地促进癌细胞进入到机体的血液中,最终,就会诱发内皮细胞产生特殊的化学信使物质来招募促进肿瘤的免疫细胞进入到肿瘤中。研究者Fischer表示,通过研究我们发现,肿瘤细胞能够通过激活Notch信号,随后对内皮细胞进行重编程来为癌细胞所用,进而就能够以多种方式来促进癌症在机体中的扩散,因此我们就想知道是否我们能够通过一些特殊的方法来对癌细胞这种机制进行干预。

利用在临床前试验中使用的一种抗体,研究者成功阻断了小鼠机体中的Notch信号,这就会降低癌细胞在小鼠肺部的定植,同时利用抗体对接触性分子VCAM1进行阻断后还能够降低癌细胞在肺部的转移,并且减少肿瘤的入侵。最后研究者表示,Notch是一种通用的信号分子,如果不干预重要的过程,我们很难施加治疗的影响,但利用一种有针对性的阻断抗体或许就能够作为一种潜在的疗法来帮助抑制肿瘤的恶性扩散,这或许就为后期研究人员开发新型疗法来有效阻断癌症的转移提供新的思路和希望。

原始出处:

Elfriede Wieland, Juan Rodriguez-Vita, Sven S. Liebler, et al.  Endothelial Notch1 Activity Facilitates Metastasis. Cancer Cell, 2017; DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.01.007

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    2018-01-09 维他命
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    2017-03-10 yxch36

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