炸鸡配可乐,天生是一对?新研究证明高脂加高糖,胰岛细胞伤亡惨重!

2022-06-25 四五七 MedSci原创

《细胞·代谢》:炸鸡加可乐的高脂高糖组合促进小肠内的果糖代谢,其代谢产物甘油酸将导致胰岛细胞伤亡,加剧糖尿病患病风险。

吃炸鸡,当然是要喝可乐!想象一下色泽金黄、表皮酥脆的炸鸡,一口下去鲜嫩又多汁,再来一口可乐,气泡冲击味蕾,清爽又解腻,炸鸡X可乐,双倍快乐,懂的都懂!

不过,最近这对CP关系可能岌岌可危,一项发表在《细胞·代谢》的研究表明:炸鸡加可乐的高脂高糖组合促进小肠内的果糖代谢,其代谢产物甘油酸将导致胰岛细胞伤亡,加剧糖尿病患病风险。

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首先需要明确的是,这项研究中的高糖主要指的是果糖,果糖在进入体内后迅速被小肠代谢生成代谢产物,只有超出了小肠代谢能力的果糖才会通过门静脉进入到肝脏和结肠,但截止目前,我们对果糖代谢产物会产生什么样的影响并不十分了解。

在研究中,科学家发现高脂高糖饮食喂养的小鼠,和对照组(普通饮食+高糖喂养)小鼠相比,小肠的果糖代谢能力提高,主要表现为小肠内的果糖代谢基因和蛋白质表达增高。 

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与之相对应的是,高脂高糖饮食喂养的小鼠血液中果糖代谢产物明显增多,特别是一种叫“甘油酸”的果糖代谢产物。

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那么,增高的甘油酸会产生什么样的影响呢?临床上有这样一群病人,他们天生缺乏甘油酸激酶,因此体内甘油酸水平比正常人要高出许多,巧合的是,这群病人的糖尿病患病风险也比普通人高,提示甘油酸与糖尿病之间存在联系。

接下来,研究人员每天向小鼠腹腔注射甘油酸,结果显示:长期腹腔注射甘油酸的小鼠,在糖耐量试验和胰岛素释放试验中表现出糖耐量下降以及胰岛素分泌减少但在胰岛素耐受试验中,注射甘油酸的小鼠胰岛素敏感性并未发生变化,说明甘油酸引起的糖耐量下降,主要是因为胰岛素的分泌减少了而不是因为胰岛素抵抗。

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之所以要强调这一点,是因为我们说高脂饮食诱导2型糖尿病的发生通常是经历了这样一段过程——先是胰岛素抵抗,外周器官感知胰岛素受损、葡萄糖摄入减少,胰岛β细胞不得不分泌更多的胰岛素进行代偿,使得血糖水平还能维持正常,但长期的胰岛素抵抗最终使得β细胞不堪重负,胰岛素分泌减少。

而甘油酸不经过胰岛素抵抗这一步,直接就干到了胰岛素分泌减少,甚至在高脂高糖饮食的情况下,早期胰岛素抵抗引起胰岛素大量分泌还会暂时掩盖住高糖(甘油酸)导致的胰岛素分泌减少的情况。

最后也是最重要的一个问题,甘油酸为什么会造成胰岛素分泌减少?研究者发现,向小鼠腹腔注射甘油酸12周之后,小鼠胰腺中甘油酸沉积,胰岛β细胞凋亡信号显著增强,β细胞数量减少,胰岛直径缩小,说明是甘油酸直接损伤胰岛β细胞,才造成的胰岛素分泌下降。

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总的来说,这项研究表明高脂饮食会促进果糖代谢,导致体内甘油酸水平增高,直接损伤胰岛β细胞,降低胰岛素分泌,加速2型糖尿病的发生。

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对于健康来说,高脂高糖等于伤害加倍,下次吃炸鸡只好忍痛割爱,选择无糖可乐(终究是莞莞类卿罢了)

 

参考资料:
Wu Y, Wong CW, Chiles EN, et al. Glycerate from intestinal fructose metabolism induces islet cell damage and glucose intolerance [published online ahead of print, 2022 Jun 1]. Cell Metab.2022;S1550-4131(22)00189-9. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2022.05.007

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    2023-06-05 baoya
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    2022-06-26 by2014
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    2022-06-26 pcw111
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    2022-06-25 ms6000000960504356

    不错的文章

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