Sci Transl Med :溶瘤病毒与CAR T疗法“强强联手”,有望治愈实体瘤吗?

2020-09-06 探索菌 生物探索

嵌合抗原受体(CAR)T细胞经过改造,可以识别肿瘤细胞上的特定抗原。在某些情况下,天然存在的抗原会提供有效的靶标,例如B细胞抗原CD19。

嵌合抗原受体(CAR)T细胞经过改造,可以识别肿瘤细胞上的特定抗原。在某些情况下,天然存在的抗原会提供有效的靶标,例如B细胞抗原CD19。然而,在大多数情况下,肿瘤细胞中没有均匀存在的抗原,这使得CAR T疗法的抗肿瘤效果大打折扣。

9月2日,来自美国希望之城国家医疗中心的研究人员通过基因工程设计了一种携带编码CD19t基因的溶瘤病毒,这种病毒会迫使肿瘤细胞在表面表达CD19t,以供CD19特异性CAR T(CD19-CAR T)细胞进行靶向。被杀死的肿瘤细胞还会释放这种病毒,从而将CD19t传播到邻近的肿瘤细胞。相关成果发表于《Science Translational Medicine》上。

具体而言,研究人员首先创建了一种溶瘤病毒(OV19t),以进入肿瘤细胞并开始产生截短的CD19(CD19t)。实验结果显示,三阴性乳腺癌细胞、胰腺癌细胞、前列腺癌细胞、卵巢癌细胞、头颈癌细胞以及神经胶质瘤细胞中都表达了丰富的CD19t。

OV在体外有效地将CD19t递送至实体瘤细胞

随后,研究人员考察了人CD19t是否可以通过OV激活的CD19-CAR T细胞传递到肿瘤细胞。结果表明,溶瘤病毒能够将抗原——CD19t传递给肿瘤,并诱导CD19-CAR T细胞介导的抗肿瘤活性。

此外,在两种人异种移植瘤模型中,OV19t和CD19-CAR T细胞的联合治疗导致了肿瘤的明显消退。而且,这种组合在具有免疫能力的鼠类系统中也可以实现OV19t和CD19-CAR T细胞的联合抗肿瘤作用。令人欣喜的是,接受瘤内OVm19t和mCD19-CAR T细胞治疗的小鼠中,约60%实现了完全消退。

OVm19t和mCD19-CAR T细胞联合治疗在具有免疫能力的小鼠肿瘤模型中的抗肿瘤功效

进一步的分析表明,CD19-CAR T细胞介导的肿瘤杀伤还诱导了垂死的肿瘤细胞释放病毒,从而传播了CD19t的肿瘤表达。而且,用溶瘤病毒和CAR T细胞组合治愈的癌症小鼠表现出保护性抗肿瘤免疫力的延长。这说明,免疫系统建立了对肿瘤的记忆反应。

OVm19t促进内源性T细胞和过继转移的mCD19- CAR T细胞的肿瘤浸润

CD19-CAR T细胞疗法已获得美国FDA的批准,用于治疗B细胞淋巴瘤和急性淋巴细胞白血病。这项新研究可能会扩大CD19-CAR T细胞在治疗实体瘤患者中的用途。

目前,研究人员正在设计一项临床试验,以对患者进行这种组合测试。该试验将首先测试OV19t在实体瘤患者中的安全性,如果发现这是安全有效的,则可以依次检测溶瘤病毒和CAR T细胞疗法。据悉,该试验预计于2022年开始。

原始出处:

Anthony K Park, Yuman Fong, Sang-In Kim, et al.Effective combination immunotherapy using oncolytic viruses to deliver CAR targets to solid tumors.Sci Transl Med. 2020 Sep 2;12(559):eaaz1863. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz1863.

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    2021-05-11 bsmagic9140
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    2020-12-13 胎胎

    期待溶瘤病毒的发展,这将为肿瘤免疫治疗带来新的希望!

    0

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    2020-11-12 yinzhangyong

    高大上的研究,厉害了!!!

    0

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    2020-09-06 1381abdab4m

    #溶瘤病毒##CAR-T治疗#结合?也许溶瘤病毒与#肿瘤免疫#治疗结合会更理想一些吧。

    0

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