Clin Nutrition:早期热量不足与有创通气的COVID-19患者较高的死亡风险相关

2022-03-19 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

到2022年3月份,全球一半人口将感染奥密克戎,但由于奥密克戎集合了多种变异毒株的突变,因此可以帮助全人类建立免疫屏障,预防新的变异毒株。

      2019年新型冠状病毒病(COVID-19) 大流行严重影响了世界各地的医疗保健系统,并造成大量人口死亡。大多数患者的临床症状较轻,并且很可能康复。然而,许多感染者会出现严重的临床表现,并且很大一部分会病情危重,需要在重症监护室(ICU)接受治疗。大约 90% 的住院患者患有一种或多种潜在疾病,特别是高血压、慢性肺病、糖尿病、心血管疾病、癌症和肥胖症等。先前的研究表明,在 ICU 中,由于无法提供所需量的营养而导致喂养不足是很常见的。此外,由于低氧血症、高碳酸血症或酸中毒、胃扩张或排空障碍以及机械通气期间频繁使用俯卧位,肠内营养(EN) 耐受性可能不完全。长期入住 ICU 患者在入住 ICU 的第一天积累的能量不足可能对 ICU 和医院结局(包括死亡率和获得性感染)起重要作用。此外,COVID-19 患者的肥胖似乎与更糟糕的疾病结果相关,包括更高的住院风险、入住 ICU、需要有创机械通气 (IMV) 和死亡率。本研究的目的是评估机械通气 COVID-19 患者的营养支持管理,并探讨早期热量不足与临床结果之间的关联,同时考虑可能的混杂因素。

 

      这是在意大利伦巴第大区的两家转诊大学医院的重症监护病房(ICU),在新冠第一次大流行期间进行的一项前瞻性研究。在 ICU 住院期间,研究人员对 222 名连续机械通气的 COVID-19 患者进行了研究评估。除了主要的人口统计和临床数据外,研究人员还记录了每天提供的营养支持途径和数量的信息。

 

      研究结果显示在第4天仍在 ICU 中并幸存的患者中(N = 198),分别有 129 名(65.2%)和 72 名(36.4%)达到了令人满意的热量和蛋白质摄入量(主要通过肠内途径)。在多变量分析中,第4天令人满意的热量摄入与较低的死亡率相关(HR = 0.46 [95%CI,0.42-0.50],P < 0.001)。轻度肥胖(体重指数 [BMI] ≥30 且 < 35 kg/m2)与较高的死亡率相关(HR = 1.99 [95%CI,1.07–3.68],P=0.029),而中重度肥胖患者(BMI≥35 kg/m2 )从有创机械通气中脱机的可能性较小(HR = 0.71 [95%CI, 0.62–0.82], P < 0.001)。

图:ICU有创通气与热量补充的关系

 

      这项研究证实了肥胖在机械通气 COVID-19 患者中的负面预后和临床作用,并表明早期热量不足可能独立地导致该患者群体的生存率恶化。因此,应尽一切努力在 ICU 住院期间对所有 COVID-19 患者实施充分及时的营养支持。

 

 

原始出处:

EmanueleCereda. Et al. Early caloric deficit is associated with a higher risk of death in invasive ventilated COVID-19 patients. Clinical Nutrition.2022.

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    2022-08-16 840953868

    这也是很有临床有意义的文章

    0

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