Age Ageing: 中国老年人社会隔离、孤独感和日常生活功能障碍

2021-01-02 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

对于中国老年女性来说,社会隔离与4年内功能障碍的增加显著相关。

人到老年后,常常处于一种与原有的社会联系逐渐减少以至于与社会隔离的状态。根据北京大学人口研究所的相关数据,在我国,城市老年人社会隔离的比例为21.4%。

社会隔离定义为个体处于一种缺乏社会归属感、缺乏和他人接触和社会交往、缺乏满足的和高质量的社会关系的状态。

去年的欧洲神经病学学会(EAN)2020年年会上曾发布一项德国研究表明,社会隔离与血管事件风险增加44%以上,全因死亡率接近53%有关。此外,社会隔离还严重影响老年人的心理健康。

那么孤独感或社会隔离是否与老年人发生功能障碍有关呢?为此,来自天津医科大学的研究团队进行了相关研究。结果发表在最新的《年龄与衰老》(Age and Ageing)杂志上。

该研究使用的是中国健康与退休纵向研究(CHARLS)的数据。研究人员使用日常生活活动量表(ADL)和工具性日常生活活动能力量表(IADL)来评估老年人的功能状态。对2011年和2015年两批次纳入的人群数据进行分析,其中纳入的受访者为50岁以上且基线无功能障碍的人群(n=5154,平均年龄(SD)=60.72岁;男性占52.3%)。

研究人员对受访者基线的社会隔离、孤独感和协变量情况进行了测定。在基线时测量了社会隔离、孤独感和协变量。在4年后重新测定ADL以及IADL确定的功能障碍情况。随后按照性别对样本进行分层,使用逻辑回归来评估基线隔离、孤独感与新发ADL和IADL残疾之间的关联。

结果表明,基线时,相比于男性(20.7%),女性(28.3%)受访者自我报告的孤独感更强,但社会隔离无性别差异(女性1.92 vs 男性1.88,p=0.253)。随访期间,女性孤独感人比男性要强(28.7% vs 20.4%),且社会隔离也出现了明显的性别差异(女性2.12 vs 男性2.02,p=0.018)。同时,女性新发的ADL功能障碍(20.8% vs 12.9%)与IADL功能障碍(25.1% vs 13.9%)均高于男性。

进一步分析显示,基线社会隔离与孤独感与新发的IADL和ADL功能障碍有明显的相关性。女性受访者基线社会隔离和孤独感分别会增加随访期间11%与4%发生IADL功能障碍的风险,且基线社会隔离与孤独感与18%新发ADL功能障碍风险有关。而男性基线社会隔离和孤独感与IADL风险增加无关。

基线和随访期间男女性的功能状态

综上,该研究发现,对于中国老年女性来说,社会隔离与4年内功能障碍的增加显著相关。这一发现扩大了我们对非西方人群中社会关系与功能状态之间相关性的认识。

在线使用:日常生活能力量表(ADL)

参考文献

Guo L, et al. Social isolation, loneliness and functional disability in Chinese older women and men: a longitudinal study. Age Ageing. 2020 Dec 23:afaa271. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afaa271.

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1949871, encodeId=1b2719498e1da, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=56cb45442b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#孤独感#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45442, encryptionId=56cb45442b2, topicName=孤独感)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ad9f79, createdName=般若傻瓜, createdTime=Fri Dec 03 01:00:54 CST 2021, time=2021-12-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=913768, encodeId=c9fc913e6849, content=社会问题,值得关注, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201225/6e1ef4f864494d0284b9282bc4cafc19/f7f10a42767b46c9823f11c34f905873.jpg, createdBy=145f5447474, createdName=ms6000001700483633, createdTime=Tue Jan 05 02:53:02 CST 2021, time=2021-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=913577, encodeId=733c9135e706, content=关注老年人社会隔离现象。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211019/df01a4bfb64246379ddfef3370d04115/e1274c8eb5e440918f56f83bcfea9031.jpg, createdBy=3a345397082, createdName=Jessica, createdTime=Mon Jan 04 14:01:13 CST 2021, time=2021-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1421345, encodeId=7df4142134560, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=09d33294eb8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#功能障碍#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32947, encryptionId=09d33294eb8, topicName=功能障碍)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b3493649807, createdName=naiwu78, createdTime=Mon Jan 04 03:00:54 CST 2021, time=2021-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1617037, encodeId=a9f6161e0374a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e660e3936c0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#社会#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73936, encryptionId=e660e3936c0, topicName=社会)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e6de19781024, createdName=ms705947299214030, createdTime=Mon Jan 04 03:00:54 CST 2021, time=2021-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=913108, encodeId=074e913108e1, content=好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Sat Jan 02 17:08:13 CST 2021, time=2021-01-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-01-05 ms6000001700483633

    社会问题,值得关注

    0

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    2021-01-04 Jessica

    关注老年人社会隔离现象。

    0

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