Pediatrics:虐待性头部外伤的诊断分析

2022-01-14 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

由创伤引起的神经损伤是婴幼儿发病率和死亡率的重要原因,治疗神经损伤儿童的临床医生有需要识别其损伤是由虐待性脑外伤(AHT)引起的。

背景:由创伤引起的神经损伤是婴幼儿发病率和死亡率的重要原因,治疗神经损伤儿童的临床医生有需要识别其损伤是由虐待性脑外伤(AHT)引起的。确定AHT的科学基础在很大程度上依赖于一系列病例对照研究,这些研究比较了受虐儿童和非受虐儿童,并对这些研究进行了荟萃分析。他们发现,正在研究的潜在虐待指标用来将儿童划分为病例或对照组。此外,作者认为,儿科医生通常仅根据硬膜下出血(SDH)、脑病和视网膜出血(RH)这三种情况(统称为三联症)来诊断AHT。他们断言,三联症缺乏足够的研究验证来支持这一诊断。

目的:指导虐待性脑外伤(AHT)诊断的数据依赖于病例对照研究。我们希望使用数学算法对患有神经损伤的儿童进行分类,而不参考医生的诊断或预先确定的诊断标准,并将结果与现有的AHT数据、医生的诊断以及建议的三联症进行比较。

方法:对500例年轻急性颅脑损伤的住院重症患者的现有数据集进行聚类分析。根据32个可靠的临床和放射学变量(k>0.6),使用三种聚类算法将患者分类(划分)为亚群(群)。P值和优势比(OR)确定了最能预测分区的变量。

结果:全队列分为2组。在第1组中更常见的变量(在所有3个群集算法中P<0.001和OR>10)是脑低氧血症、缺血和/或肿胀的影像征兆;急性脑病,特别是持续超过24小时的急性脑病;呼吸受抑制;硬膜下出血;以及眼科医生确认的视网膜断裂。在第2组中,更常见的变量实质上是线性顶骨骨折和硬膜外血肿(在任何聚类算法中,P<0.001和OR<0.10)。分割后的分析显示,第一组有很高的与医生诊断相符的虐待性脑外伤发病率。

表1 三种算法和三联征算法的年龄差异

表2 按相对重要性降序排列在聚类1中

表3 划分第一组和第二组的各种方法之间的一致性

结论:三种聚类算法将人群分成两类,没有参考预先确定的诊断标准或关于AHT性质的临床意见。算法划分可以预测医生的诊断和AHT文献中大量讨论的三联征。

原文出处:

Boos SC,  Wang M,  Karst WA,  Hymel KP,Traumatic Head Injury and the Diagnosis of Abuse: A Cluster Analysis.Pediatrics 2021 Dec 13

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