FDA:批准MET抑制剂capmatinib上市用于MET突变NSCLC的治疗

2020-05-07 MedSci MedSci原创

诺华(Novartis)公司宣布,美国FDA批准其MET抑制剂Tabrecta(capmatinib)上市,治疗携带MET基因外显子14跳跃突变的晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者。这些患者的基因突变

诺华(Novartis)公司宣布,美国FDA批准其MET抑制剂Tabrecta(capmatinib)上市,治疗携带MET基因外显子14跳跃突变的晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者。这些患者的基因突变需要经过FDA批准的检测确认。这是FDA批准的针对MET基因外显子14跳跃突变患者群的首款靶向疗法。

MET基因的突变与肿瘤的发生或发展存在因果关系,这些突变位点包括V1110I,H1112Y / R,F1218I,D1246H / V,Y1248H,S1254R和M1268T,在散发性的乳头状肾细胞癌中,MET的突变频率达到15%。在儿童肝细胞癌和晚期头颈部癌症中也证实了MET的突变。

MET突变是NSCLC的驱动基因之一,MET基因的14号外显子跳跃式突变在肺腺癌的突变频率是2.6-3.2%,在肺肉瘤样癌中的频率在2.6-31.8%。另外其他癌症类型如胃癌(7.1%),结直肠癌(0-9.3%),脑胶质瘤(0.4%)都发现了MET基因的14号外显子跳跃式突变。这些患者一般年龄较大,预后往往较差,而且MET信号通路在驱动肺癌对其它靶向疗法产生耐药性方面也具有重要作用。前不久在AACR的会议上报道对MET突变脑转移同样具有很好的效果:AACR 2020:Capmatinib治疗MET 14突变的NSCLC脑转移疗效

Tabrecta是一种口服的高选择性小分子MET抑制剂,最初由Incyte发现,诺华在2009年获得它的研发和推广许可。此前,FDA曾授予它突破性疗法认定和孤儿药资格,也对它的新药申请颁发了优先审评资格。

 

▲Tabrecta特征(图片来源:参考资料[2])
 

FDA的批准是基于名为GEOMETRY mono-1的2期临床试验,研究人员招募了97名带有MET外显子14跳跃突变的晚期或转移性NSCLC患者。研究结果表明,无论患者先前是否曾接受过治疗,Tabrecta均能带来显著治疗效果。在初治和经治患者中,Tabrecta的总缓解率分别为68%(95% CI: 48-84)和41%(95% CI: 29-53)。两组患者的中位缓解持续时间分别是11.14个月和9.72个月。

“非小细胞肺癌是一种复杂的疾病,很多不同的基因突变可能促进癌症的生长,”GEOMETRY研究负责人Juergen Wolf博士说:“MET基因外显子14跳跃是一种已知的癌症驱动因子。今天FDA的批准上市,让我们能够检测并且使用靶向疗法治疗这种具有挑战性的肺癌,为携带这类突变的NSCLC患者带来希望。”

针对MET突变,此前唯一获批的靶向疗法为德国默克(Merck KGaA)公司开发Tepmetko(tepotinib),它今年3月在日本获批治疗携带MET外显子14跳跃突变的NSCLC患者(详细见:日本厚生劳动省:授予tepotinib治疗MET基因改变的NSCLC患者的孤儿药认定)。另外,卡博替尼(XL184)治疗16例存在MET基因14外显子剪切突变的肺癌,显示出了疗效,详细见:Lancet子刊:卡博替尼在RET重排肺癌患者中有一定疗效。同时,国内也有多家公司研发针对MET突变的创新药物。

MET抑制剂研发十分火热,详细见报道:
ASCO 2014:MSC2156119J+吉非替尼治疗MET阳性EGFR突变晚期NSCLC的I/II期临床试验
ASCO 2016 巅峰对话:吴一龙、Alice Shaw解析ALK、ROS1、MET 14外显子跳跃突变研究进展

2019 ASCO:诺华和默克治疗MET突变非小细胞肺癌的候选药,在2期临床均显示出治疗活性

参考资料:
[1]  Novartis announces FDA approval of MET inhibitor Tabrecta™ for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with METex14. Retrieved May 6, 2020

[2] Baltschukat, et al., (2019). Capmatinib (INC280) Is Active Against Models of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer and Other Cancer Types with Defined Mechanisms of MET Activation. Clinical Cancer Research, DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-2814.

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    2021-03-03 jklm09
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    2020-07-10 一闲
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    2020-11-26 smlt2008
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    2020-05-07 肿肿

    NSCLC下一步突破在于新靶点了,靶向治疗和免疫治疗基本见顶了,再有新的就需要新机制了

    0

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