Surg Neurol Int. :具有先天性皮肤血管瘤的脊椎背侧 D1-D7 血管瘤的硬膜外延伸的病例报告

2021-10-09 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

多发性椎体血管瘤 (MVH) 通常累及多个椎体,偶尔会延伸到硬膜外腔。它们占所有脊柱肿瘤的 2-3%,并且通常遵循惰性、无症状的过程。然而,由于硬膜外脊髓压迫、病理性骨折和/或出血的组合,一部分可能会

多发性椎体血管瘤 (MVH) 通常累及多个椎体,偶尔会延伸到硬膜外腔。它们占所有脊柱肿瘤的 2-3%,并且通常遵循惰性、无症状的过程。然而,由于硬膜外脊髓压迫、病理性骨折和/或出血的组合,一部分可能会出现明显的脊髓压迫症状/体征,需要手术。在组织学上,MVH 分为以下三类之一:毛细血管、海绵状、动静脉或静脉型。

案例描述:

一名 24 岁男性因多发性脊椎血管瘤 (MVH) 伴硬膜外延伸(即导致 D1-D3 显着脊髓压迫)而出现6个月的进行性下肢轻瘫,以及 D2-D7 水平的先天性皮肤病变。术前血管栓塞后,进行了 D1-D7 椎板切除术以及 C7-D8 椎弓根螺钉固定。病理上,骨和皮肤病变为脊髓海绵状血管瘤。术后,患者恢复正常功能。由于无法完全切除,他随后接受了放射治疗以防止肿瘤复发。

患有先天性胸部、手臂和前臂皮肤血管瘤的患者(左)(a)前部和(b)后部。

神经病学

检查时,他的下肢弥漫性运动强度为 3-4/5,相对感觉水平低于 D4 水平,没有括约肌受累。

CT结果

胸CT显示不规则溶骨性病变粗加厚小梁涉及到D7的D1椎骨水平,还包括左1到6肋。轴向研究显示椎体受累的典型“圆点”模式。在受累椎骨附近还有左侧椎旁和小管内增强软组织增厚,导致明显的脊髓受压。

胸椎 CT 轴位图显示“圆点”外观。

磁共振检查结果

在 MR 上,肿瘤在 T1W 和 T2W 图像上都是低信号的,并通过对比增强(即,通过椎间孔扩展包裹了从 C7 到 D8 的颈背脊髓)。在 D2-D3 椎体水平也观察到脊髓内 T2W 高信号的微妙增加。

包含图片、插图等的外部文件。对象名称为 SNI-12-457-g003.jpg
 

MRI 背脊矢状面 (a) T1W 图像 (b) T2W 图像 (c) STIR 图像显示涉及 D1-D7 椎骨的骨髓信号强度改变,在 T1W 和 T2W 图像上均出现低信号,后部元件连续受累。在 D1-D7 椎骨中观察到片状残留正常骨髓信号。由 C7 至 D8 椎骨引起的硬膜外/硬膜外病变在 T1W 上呈低信号,在 T2W/STIR 上呈高信号,对颈背脊髓造成显着的占位效应。D2-D3 水平的 Intracord T2W/STIR 高信号。

包含图片、插图等的外部文件。对象名称为 SNI-12-457-g005.jpg

MRI 背脊轴位 T2W 图像显示左肋椎关节和相邻肋骨的连续浸润,骨髓信号明显改变。浸润性硬膜外/硬膜外病变对脊髓造成显着的占位效应,并显示脊髓向右侧移动。

包含图片、插图等的外部文件。对象名称为 SNI-12-457-g004.jpg

MRI 背脊冠状位/STIR 图像显示左侧多个水平的肋椎关节连续受累。

外科手术

在 D1-D7 椎板切除术后,发现一个红褐色、柔软的病变,并伴有血管。肿瘤附着于背侧鞘囊,并表现出外侧、椎间孔和左侧椎旁延伸。图 6a]。血管被凝固并被切除[图 6b]。最后,患者接受了从 C7 到 D5-D8 的椎弓根螺钉融合术。

包含图片、插图等的外部文件。对象名称为 SNI-12-457-g006.jpg
 

术中图片 (a) 背椎上方脊髓旁软组织中的血管瘤病变 (b) 椎板切除术后暴露硬膜外病变包裹脊髓后部 (c) 使用椎弓根螺钉和连接杆对脊髓和器械进行减压。

包含图片、插图等的外部文件。对象名称为 SNI-12-457-g007.jpg
 

术后 X 射线背脊 (a) AP,(b) 侧视图。

病理

冰冻切片(即硬膜外、椎板、椎旁和皮肤)均与海绵状血管瘤一致。

包含图片、插图等的外部文件。对象名称为 SNI-12-457-g008.jpg
 

组织病理学检查显示海绵状血管瘤(a)扩张和充血的不同大小的血管间隙(b)真皮显示扩张和充血的血管(箭头)。

真皮显示出血 (c) 骨,骨髓显示充满血液的紧密填充的扩张血管空间。

术后恢复

患者恢复顺利;1 周后,出院时,他的情况有所好转,能够毫无虚弱地走动。两个月后,他的双侧肌肉力量为 5/5。

术后辅助放射治疗

患者术后对瘤床进行放疗,以治疗手术难以触及的肿瘤,并限制复发的机会。

讨论

根据世界卫生组织的分类,椎体血管瘤被认为是一种良性的骨血管形成性肿瘤。最常见的部位是胸椎(约 60%),其次是颈椎(30%)和腰椎(10%) .这些病变通常局限于椎体,但偶尔可能会扩展到椎弓根、弓和棘突。值得注意的是,绝大多数椎体血管瘤是无症状的,通常在放射影像学检查或 仅在 1% 至 2% 的病例中可以看到椎体血管瘤的进一步硬膜外延伸,导致缓慢进展的压迫性脊髓病或神经根病。 

在我们介绍的案例中,患者患有与椎骨/硬膜外肿瘤部位相同水平的先天性皮肤血管瘤。然而,一些文献描述了与脊髓血管瘤相关的肝、脾等其他器官同时发生血管瘤的病例。 

磁共振成像是脊髓血管瘤最可靠的检查。建议术前行脊柱血管造影术,术前应做供血血管栓塞术,避免术中大出血风险。椎板切除术是一种有效的减压手术,不会导致不稳定或畸形。但是,如果发生椎体压缩性骨折,则可能需要进行椎体成形术和/或融合术。

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    2022-04-02 yinhl1978
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    2021-10-11 huirong
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    2021-10-11 neizongke
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    2021-10-10 云舒

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1937185, encodeId=b842193e185f6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c06ae363256' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#硬膜外#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73632, encryptionId=c06ae363256, topicName=硬膜外)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3b172500206, createdName=12498ebem19暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Apr 05 09:21:41 CST 2022, time=2022-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2001511, encodeId=3c6820015111f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d5df12695e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Neurol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12695, encryptionId=d5df12695e6, topicName=Neurol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8217292, createdName=yinhl1978, createdTime=Sat Apr 02 17:21:41 CST 2022, time=2022-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1348313, encodeId=f643134831300, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1eaf89e26d3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血管瘤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89726, encryptionId=1eaf89e26d3, topicName=血管瘤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc8528, createdName=clmlylxy, createdTime=Mon Oct 11 06:21:41 CST 2021, time=2021-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1369563, encodeId=40db13695635c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bc9f28589d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#先天性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=28589, encryptionId=bc9f28589d0, topicName=先天性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a435298, createdName=huirong, createdTime=Mon Oct 11 06:21:41 CST 2021, time=2021-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1377051, encodeId=6dc613e7051c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8ff8e0777c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病例报告#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70777, encryptionId=8ff8e0777c5, topicName=病例报告)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8143398, createdName=lily1616, createdTime=Mon Oct 11 06:21:41 CST 2021, time=2021-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1630505, encodeId=0c841630505b9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dd238456e9f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脊椎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84567, encryptionId=dd238456e9f, topicName=脊椎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f80c21536506, createdName=neizongke, createdTime=Mon Oct 11 06:21:41 CST 2021, time=2021-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1059289, encodeId=5e1b105928910, content=学, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210814/61deb584a399410ca9b720adee4e6850/71825fee35134aee90c3ed9dfe89b69f.jpg, createdBy=3cff5430616, createdName=云舒, createdTime=Sun Oct 10 23:20:47 CST 2021, time=2021-10-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1058999, encodeId=fc8e105899994, content=内容实用,已下载, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=82ff3922323, createdName=138a8b94m87暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Oct 09 17:02:13 CST 2021, time=2021-10-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-09 138a8b94m87暂无昵称

    内容实用,已下载

    0