看完56种慢性病与肥胖的因果关系研究分析后,减肥还“下次一定”吗?

2021-12-18 LILYMED MedSci原创

BMC Med.:高体重指数在多种慢性疾病中的因果作用:孟德尔随机化研究的系统回顾和meta分析

肥胖是一种全球性流行病,在传统的观察性研究中被认为与多种慢性疾病的风险增加有关。但这些观察结果可能代表肥胖对疾病风险的因果影响或与其他风险因素(如不良饮食和缺乏身体活动)混淆。近年来,越来越多的孟德尔随机化(Mendelian randomization, MR)研究肥胖与慢性疾病的关系,这些研究主要由体重指数(BMI)定义。与传统的观察性研究相比,MR研究不易混淆,此外MR研究不会因反向因果关系而产生偏差。

本研究旨在是对MR研究进行系统评价和荟萃分析,以确定过度肥胖在慢性病中的因果作用。

1、文献检索和研究选择

PubMed和Embase搜索产生了1469个结果,其中116篇文章报告了BMI与一个或多个相关疾病结果的MR研究结果。研究选择的概述如图1所示。

基于每个疾病类别的独立研究样本的MR研究数量为糖尿病3项,循环系统疾病13项,呼吸系统疾病3项,消化系统疾病6项,肌肉骨骼系统疾病为5项,神经系统疾病5项,以及肿瘤14项。

1、糖尿病

在英国生物样本库中,基因预测的高BMI与1型糖尿病风险增加相关,但在FinnGen联盟中则不然,研究之间的异质性很高(附加文件1:表S2)。另一方面,基因预测的成年BMI与2型糖尿病存在一致的相关性,联合OR为2.03 (95% CI 1.88-2.19)(附加文件1:表S2)。

2、循环系统疾病

遗传预测较高的BMI所有14种被研究的循环系统疾病的风险增加相关(图2,附加文件1:表S2)。相关性最强的是主动脉瓣狭窄(OR 2.02,95% CI 1.46–2.79),其次是心力衰竭(OR 1.69,95% CI 1.57–1.82)和高血压(OR 1.68,95% CI 1.59–1.78)。所有卒中类型的相关性都较弱血性卒中的OR值为1.16 (95% CI 1.10-1.23),脑出血的OR值为1.21 (95% CI 1.02-1.44)。 排除基于中国人群的研究对外周动脉疾病的结果影响较小(OR 1.65,95% CI 1.55–1.75)。仅在主动脉瓣狭窄、心房颤动和高血压的分析中观察到研究之间的高异质性,但这是由于不同程度的正相关,而不是其中一项研究缺乏相关性(额外文件1:表S2)。

3、呼吸系统疾病

关于呼吸系统疾病的MR研究很少,仅报告了哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)死亡率的结果(附加文件1:表S2)。在对现有独立研究样本的荟萃分析中,哮喘的OR为1.36(95%CI 1.29-1.43),COPD为1.65(95%CI 1.47-1.85),研究之间没有异质性。

4、消化系统疾病

基因预测的较高BMI与憩室病、胆结石病、胃食管反流病、克罗恩病和非酒精性脂肪性肝病的风险增加相关,但溃疡性结肠炎的风险较低(图3,附加文件1:表S2)。最强的关联是非酒精性脂肪性肝病(OR 1.81,95% CI 1.22–2.69)。排除基于中国人群的研究后,胆结石疾病的结果基本保持不变(附加文件1:表S2)。仅在胃食管再流疾病的分析中观察到研究之间的中度异质性。

5、肌肉骨骼系统疾病

已发表的BMI和肌肉骨骼疾病的MR研究可用于Dupuytren病,痛风,骨关节炎和类风湿性关节炎。较高的遗传预测BMI与Dupuytren病的风险降低有关,但与其他三种肌肉骨骼疾病的风险增加有关。Dupuytren病联合OR为0.77(95%CI 0.69–0.87),痛风为1.92(95%CI 1.60–2.30),骨关节炎为1.55(95%CI 1.43–1.69),类风湿性关节炎为1.27(95%CI 1.17–1.39)。Dupuytren病的研究之间存在高度的异质性,痛风和类风湿性关节炎的研究之间存在中度异质性。FinnGen联合研究中骨质疏松症的MR分析显示,遗传预测BMI每增加1个SD, OR值为0.81 (95% CI 0.65-0.99)(附加文件1:表S2)。

6、神经系统疾病

基因预测的BMI与多发性硬化症(OR 1.26,95%CI 1.14-1.39)相关,但与阿尔茨海默病或肌萎缩性侧索硬化症无关(附加文件1:表S2)。 帕金森病的研究之间存在异质性,在FinnGen联盟中发现了基因预测的BMI与帕金森病的负相关(OR 0.76,95%CI 0.60-0.96),但在帕金森病全基因组关联研究中则没有(OR 0.96,95%CI 0.83-1.12)。 帕金森病的联合OR为0.90(95%CI 0.79-1.02)。

7、肿瘤

荟萃分析结果表明,基因预测的BMI与消化系统癌症(即食管,胃,结直肠癌,胰腺癌,肝癌和胆囊癌/胆道癌),子宫癌(子宫内膜癌和宫颈癌),卵巢癌,肾癌和膀胱癌的风险增加有关,但乳腺癌,前列腺癌和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的风险降低(图4),与其他癌症没有一致和整体的关联。当将研究人群限制在欧洲血统个体时,除了卵巢癌之外,关联仍然存在,但结直肠癌的关联程度变弱,胃癌,子宫内膜癌和宫颈癌的关联性更强(附加文件1:表S2)。

这项当代对遗传预测BMI与56种慢性疾病相关的MR研究的荟萃分析提供了证据,支持过度肥胖与2型糖尿病,14种循环系统疾病,哮喘,慢性阻塞性肺病,5种消化系统疾病,3种肌肉骨骼系统疾病,多发性硬化症和消化系统(六个癌症部位)、子宫、肾脏和膀胱癌症风险增加的因果关系。相反,MR证据表明,高BMI与乳腺癌,前列腺癌和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌,Dupuytren氏病和骨质疏松症的风险降低有关,且不太可能与阿尔茨海默病,肌萎缩性侧索硬化症或帕金森病的风险相关。来自MR研究的全部证据支持过度肥胖在多种慢性疾病中的因果作用。因此,继续努力减少超重和肥胖的流行是一项主要的公共卫生目标

 

原文来源:

Larsson and Burgess.Causal role of high body mass index in multiple chronic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization studies. BMC Medicine (2021) 19:320
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02188-x

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    2021-12-28 ms1000000251410274

    文章很好

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    2021-12-22 ms4000000901131801

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    2021-12-20 419040982

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    2021-12-19 qjddjq
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1084966, encodeId=1973108496640, content=文章很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5f1f5633705, createdName=ms1000000251410274, createdTime=Tue Dec 28 06:08:18 CST 2021, time=2021-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1083032, encodeId=9c8a1083032ce, content=刻不容缓, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=12cb5438026, createdName=ms4000000901131801, createdTime=Wed Dec 22 11:29:28 CST 2021, time=2021-12-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1082242, encodeId=16f810822428d, content=控制体重!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a44885671, createdName=419040982, createdTime=Mon Dec 20 22:23:31 CST 2021, time=2021-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1264079, encodeId=a7c212640e993, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=847353580bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#慢性病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53580, encryptionId=847353580bf, topicName=慢性病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c49e75, createdName=qjddjq, createdTime=Sun Dec 19 11:38:34 CST 2021, time=2021-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1081606, encodeId=a58b108160647, content=控制体重,减少肥胖,需要全社会重视。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=793c1358535, createdName=ntszyywj, createdTime=Sat Dec 18 20:04:42 CST 2021, time=2021-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1245499, encodeId=3b871245499b1, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Fri Dec 17 23:38:34 CST 2021, time=2021-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-18 ntszyywj

    控制体重,减少肥胖,需要全社会重视。

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1084966, encodeId=1973108496640, content=文章很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5f1f5633705, createdName=ms1000000251410274, createdTime=Tue Dec 28 06:08:18 CST 2021, time=2021-12-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1083032, encodeId=9c8a1083032ce, content=刻不容缓, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=12cb5438026, createdName=ms4000000901131801, createdTime=Wed Dec 22 11:29:28 CST 2021, time=2021-12-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1082242, encodeId=16f810822428d, content=控制体重!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a44885671, createdName=419040982, createdTime=Mon Dec 20 22:23:31 CST 2021, time=2021-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1264079, encodeId=a7c212640e993, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=847353580bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#慢性病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53580, encryptionId=847353580bf, topicName=慢性病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c49e75, createdName=qjddjq, createdTime=Sun Dec 19 11:38:34 CST 2021, time=2021-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1081606, encodeId=a58b108160647, content=控制体重,减少肥胖,需要全社会重视。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=793c1358535, createdName=ntszyywj, createdTime=Sat Dec 18 20:04:42 CST 2021, time=2021-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1245499, encodeId=3b871245499b1, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Fri Dec 17 23:38:34 CST 2021, time=2021-12-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-17 CHANGE

    什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?

    0

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