JAMA Netw Open:低脂植物性饮食真的可以减轻体重!

2021-03-04 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

大量流行病学研究显示,超重和肥胖不仅增加死亡率风险,还与多种疾病的发生有关,且几乎影响到全身每一个器官系统,包括心血管疾病、糖尿病、慢性肾疾病、多种癌症以及一系列的骨骼肌肉病等等。

大量流行病学研究显示,超重和肥胖不仅增加死亡率风险,还与多种疾病的发生有关,且几乎影响到全身每一个器官系统,包括血管疾病、糖尿病、慢性肾疾病、多种癌症以及一系列的骨骼肌肉病等等。然而,在以植物性饮食的个体中,超重和肥胖并不常见。有研究显示,与杂食性饮食的人相比,植物性饮食的人具有较低的肌细胞内脂质浓度,这表明通过降低肌细胞内或肝细胞内脂质水平,可促进线粒体活性和餐后代谢。因此,肌细胞和肝细胞中脂质的积累也可能与胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病有关。

近日,发表在JAMA Netw Open杂志的一项研究探讨了低脂植物性饮食对超重成年人体重,胰岛素抵抗,餐后新陈代谢以及肌内和肝细胞内脂质水平的影响。结果发现,低脂植物性饮食干预可减少能量摄入和增加餐后新陈代谢来减轻体重。这些变化与减少肝细胞和肌细胞内脂肪和增加胰岛素敏感性有关。

这项为期16周的随机临床试验于20171月至20192月在华盛顿特区进行。研究人员对3115名成年人进行筛选,最终有244名参与者达到标准,年龄为2575岁,体重指数为2840,并将其以11的比例随机分配。干预组(n = 122)被要求遵循低脂纯植物性饮食,对照组(n = 122)被要求在16周内无饮食变化。

结果显示,在所有参与者中,87%为女性,48%为白人,平均年龄为54.4岁。在随访16周后,干预组的体重下降了5.9千克(95CI5.0-6.7千克;P  <0.001),且食物热效应有所增加,对照组没有明显变化(组间效应大小差异为14.1%; 95CI6.5-20.4P  <.001)。在使用稳态模型评估指数和预测的胰岛素敏感性指数(PREDIM)评估胰岛素抵抗中,稳态模型评估指数下降和胰岛素敏感性指数(PREDIM)增加。PREDIM的变化与体重的变化呈负相关。

饮食对肝细胞和肌细胞脂质水平也有一定的影响。在干预组中,肝细胞脂质水平降低了34.4%,从平均值3.2%降低到2.4%,而肌细胞内脂质水平从16.4%降低到10.4%。在16周内,这些变量在对照组中均无显着变化。肝细胞和肌细胞内脂质水平的变化与胰岛素抵抗的变化相关。

综上,低脂植物性饮食干预可减轻体重,这显然是由于其倾向于减少能量摄入和增加餐后能量消耗所导致的。同时,低脂植物性饮食改善了血糖水平并降低了胰岛素浓度,部分原因可能是肝细胞和肌肉细胞中脂质的积累减少。

原始出处

Hana Kahleova, MD, PhD1Kitt Falk Petersen, MD2Gerald I. Shulman, MD, PhD2,3et al.Effect of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Body Weight, Insulin Sensitivity, Postprandial Metabolism, and Intramyocellular and Hepatocellular Lipid Levels in Overweight Adults A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2025454. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25454

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    2021-06-09 xuyong535
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    2021-08-28 canlab
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    2021-03-27 黑胶王

    这个问题应该不用研究吧

    0

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    2021-11-01 feather89
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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1745372, encodeId=49d51e4537289, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bdc262694bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#植物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62694, encryptionId=bdc262694bb, topicName=植物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6a5e35527958, createdName=xuyong535, createdTime=Wed Jun 09 18:15:32 CST 2021, time=2021-06-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734328, encodeId=beb71e343282b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Sat Aug 28 00:15:32 CST 2021, time=2021-08-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=951583, encodeId=3d3095158395, content=这个问题应该不用研究吧, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211222/e0d3309837314054900fc188c9011ad4/143622f7e1444f23acba9afc3321d01d.jpg, createdBy=713e2098707, createdName=黑胶王, createdTime=Sat Mar 27 11:35:53 CST 2021, time=2021-03-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1728854, encodeId=bcae1e2885415, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Mon Nov 01 23:15:32 CST 2021, time=2021-11-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1533282, encodeId=2f061533282d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5aa662e4339' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#植物性饮食#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62743, encryptionId=5aa662e4339, topicName=植物性饮食)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=24ef12409748, createdName=lingaifan, createdTime=Sat Mar 06 08:15:32 CST 2021, time=2021-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036490, encodeId=1ae710364900a, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Thu Mar 04 20:15:32 CST 2021, time=2021-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-04 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

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