Frontiers:我国学者:燕麦是个宝,不仅降低坏胆固醇,还能调节肠道菌群!

2022-01-14 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

燕麦调节肠道微生物组的益生元活性可能有助于其降低胆固醇的作用。

冠心病(CHD)是全世界以及中国的一个主要死因,高胆固醇血症被认为是CHD的一个重要危险因素。燕麦和燕麦制品已经显示出降低胆固醇的能力,最近的荟萃分析证实,燕麦β-葡聚糖对低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)和其他CHD的标志物有明显的降低作用。

然而,我们对其机制的深入了解仍不清楚。

为此,来自我国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所与东南大学环境医学与工程教育部重点实验室的专家们开展了一项随机对照研究,纳入来自中国三个研究中心(北京、南京和上海)的受试者,结果发表在近期Frontiers in Immunology杂志上。

该研究纳入了210名轻度高胆固醇血症受试者,将他们随机分为每天食用80克燕麦或大米两组,为期45天。在试验结束后,测量了血浆脂质概况、短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)和粪便微生物群。

结果显示,与基线相比,30天和45天后,总胆固醇(TC)和非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C,简称“坏胆固醇”)随着燕麦和大米的摄入而明显下降。在第45天时,食用燕麦的参与者的TC和non-HDL-C的下降幅度比食用大米的降幅更大(分别为8.7% vs 5.7%,p = 0.011;3.9% vs 3.0%,p=0.049)。

进一步微生物宏基因组测序显示,燕麦摄入明显增加了Akkermansia muciniphila和Roseburia的丰度(两者均与肥胖、糖尿病、心血管疾病和低度炎症呈负相关),以及Dialister、Butyrivibrio和Paraprevotella的相对丰度,并减少了未分类的f-Satellaceae。

燕麦组和对照组与基线相比,TC、LDL-c和非HDL-C的下降百分比

在燕麦组,双歧杆菌的丰度与LDL-C呈负相关,并且,TC和LDL-C与Faecalibacterium prausnitzii呈负相关。肠杆菌科、玫瑰菌科和普鲁士菌科与血浆丁酸和戊酸的浓度呈正相关,与异丁酸呈负相关。HDL-C与戊酸呈负相关,总甘油三酯(TG)与异戊酸呈正相关。

综上所述,食用燕麦可显著降低甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,还可介导对肠道微生物组的益生元作用,表明燕麦调节肠道微生物组的益生元活性可能有助于其降低胆固醇的作用。

 

参考文献:

The Prebiotic Effects of Oats on Blood Lipids, Gut Microbiota, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Subjects Compared With Rice: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Front. Immunol., 09 December 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.787797

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