Clinical Nutrition:食用橄榄油与心血管疾病和中风的风险降低有关

2021-11-24 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

地中海饮食(Mediterranean diet),是泛指希腊、西班牙、法国和意大利南部等处于地中海沿岸的南欧各国以蔬菜水果、鱼类、五谷杂粮、豆类和橄榄油为主的饮食风格。

地中海饮食是世界上最健康的饮食模式之一,橄榄油含量较多是这种传统饮食模式的标志。在地中海国家,橄榄油占植物脂肪总消耗量的三分之一至三分之二。其高单不饱和脂肪酸 (MUFA) 含量似乎具有抗高血压、抗炎和抗血栓形成的作用,同样,富含多酚的初榨橄榄油也通过多种机制显示出重要的心脏保护作用。最近,有研究证实在非地中海人群中食用橄榄油与血管疾病 (CVD) 风险之间存在有益关联。因此,本项研究旨在探究食用橄榄油是否与动脉粥样硬化、总心血管疾病 (CVD)、冠心病和中风的风险有关。

 

对此,研究人员总共纳入了3项大型的队列研究进行了橄榄油摄入与心血管疾病和中风的风险比较。第一个是AWHS研究队列,此队列纳入的人群是欧宝西班牙汽车装配厂的工人,纳入时间为2011 年 1 月至 2014 年 12 月,年龄在 39-59岁之间且基线时没有CVD的诊断,所有患者均接受无创亚临床动脉粥样硬化成像以及关于心血管和生活方式因素的问卷调查,第二个是SUN 项目,纳入的人群是一群来自西班牙的年轻大学毕业生,年龄在 18 至 91 岁之间,第3个人群队列是EPIC-Spain 队列,EPIC-Spain 由 41,446 名健康志愿者组成,年龄在 29-69 岁之间。所有队列的患者均接受一项包含136个项目的半定量食物频率问卷 (FFQ)调查叶酸的摄入量。

 

研究结果显示,在AWHS 研究队列中,747 名参与者的冠状动脉钙化评分呈阳性 (CACS>0),在初榨橄榄油摄入量 ≥30 克/天的参与者中,CVD相关死亡风险明显降低OR为 0.89 (95% CI,0.72, 1.10) 。在 SUN研究队列中,共发生 261 例 CVD 病例,摄入量≥30 g/d的 HR 为 0.57 (0.34, 0.96 )。在 EPIC-Spain队列中发生了 1300 例CVD 和938 例中风;根据橄榄油消耗量 0 至 <10、10 至 <20、20 至 <30 和 ≥30 克/天的分类,中风的 HR 分别为 0.84 (0.70, 1.02), 0.80 (0.66, 0.96), 0.89 (0.74, 1.07)。

 

综上,本项研究证实橄榄油与较低的心血管疾病和中风风险有关。每天摄入 20 至 30 克可获得最大益处。这种关联对于初榨橄榄油来说可能更强,并且可能在疾病的早期阶段就开始起作用。

原始出处:

CarolinaDonat-Vargas. Et al. Olive oil consumption is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. Clinical Nutrition.2021.

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    2021-11-24 onebutton

    学习了

    0

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