膝关节炎要对症治!老人护膝试试“4+4”

2017-10-29 尹 薇 人民网-健康时报

由上海市医学会骨科分会关节外科学组组织的“且行且珍‘膝’”2017年世界关节炎日专家咨询活动在复旦大学附属华山医院举行。

拍一个X线,发现有骨刺,就能诊断膝骨关节炎了吗?多位专家表示,影像学检查和膝关节炎并不成一定关联。

“X线不是临床诊断的唯一标准,临床主要根据患者的年龄以及膝关节疼痛、僵硬、骨性肿胀等症状结合相关检查来确诊膝骨关节炎。”上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院推拿科龚利主任医师介绍。

步态分析技术,能够动态、客观、定量地评定人体步行功能,全面反映患膝关节的功能状态。此外,膝骨关节炎的患者,下肢多见肌肉萎缩,肌力减退等速肌力测试可以客观评价肌肉的爆发力、耐力、做功及功率,关节活动中屈伸肌群肌力的比值等,从而反映膝关节周围肌肉的功能。

“膝关节的疼痛常常发生于早晨起床的时候,稍微活动后有所缓解。但活动过长时间之后疼痛又会加重,特别是上下楼梯和下蹲时候。如果疼痛症状一直没有得到缓解,一定要去正规医院及时进行治疗。”复旦大学附属华山医院骨科主任医师夏军主任补充。

目前对于膝骨关节炎没有根治的办法,只有对症处理。治疗并不是像大家想的那样,拔一根所谓的“骨刺”就解决了,只是通过各种专业治疗,减轻疼痛,改善关节的屈伸功能。上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院经过十几年的努力运用推拿手法治疗早中期膝关节炎患者,具有一定的疗效。经过治疗后,膝骨关节炎患者膝关节的功能得到改善,步行能力得到增强,而实验研究也证明推拿能够促进屈伸肌力的恢复。

上海交通大学附属第六人民医院骨科主任医师张先龙教授进一步介绍:“如果患者有明显的肥胖现象,那么在治疗的同时需要合理地减重;如果患者是因为关节滑液变性,溶液减少,则可以选择注射交联玻璃酸钠注射液,替代患者已经退化的关节滑液;而对于中晚期的患者来说,如果疼痛已经严重影响到生活质量,那手术治疗也是必要的。针对不同患者不同的治疗方案才是合理有效的。”

锻炼膝关节

试试四步运动

上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院推拿科龚利主任提醒读者,自我按摩与运动疗法可以缓解部分患者的膝痛,但是必要时仍然需要到正规医院,在医生指导下进行。对于没有膝痛的朋友,尤其是老年朋友,如果经常进行此按摩与运动或许可以帮助您远离膝痛,健康行走!

坐位踢腿

坐在椅子上,身体保持正直;缓缓抬起小腿;保持大腿肌肉的紧张,数5秒钟,然后放松使小腿缓缓落下;如此重复10~15次为1组,每天训练2~3组。

马步站立

双腿分开与肩同宽站立;两手可置于两侧大腿上或平举于胸前;保持身体正直,缓慢下蹲,以通过膝关节的垂线不超过两足尖的连线为宜;并保持半蹲5秒,身体站直休息2秒;如此重复10~15次为1组,每天训练2~3组。(见图②)

侧卧抬腿(外侧)

侧卧,双腿并拢;将上面一条腿缓慢向上举起,直到两膝盖分离至一掌宽的距离;此姿势保持5秒,然后缓慢将腿放下;如此动作重复,10~15次为1组,建议每天训练2~3组。

侧卧抬腿(内侧)

侧卧,双腿并拢,上面的腿放在下面腿膝盖的前方;将下面一条腿缓慢向上举起,直到膝盖离床面一掌宽;此姿势保持5秒,然后缓慢放下;如此动作重复10~15次为1组,每天训练2~3组。

自我按摩有口诀

膝痛犊鼻求,阿是常来揉。

血海阳陵叩,健康来行走。

犊鼻穴位于髌骨下缘,髌韧带外侧凹陷中。《灵枢·本输》:“刺犊鼻者,屈不能伸”。《灵枢·杂病第二十六》:“膝中痛,取犊鼻……”。犊鼻具有通经活络、消肿止痛、利膝的功效。临床主治膝痛、下肢麻痹、屈伸不利等。可按揉此穴1~2分钟。

按揉阿是穴

阿是穴,又名不定穴、天应穴。这类穴位一般随病而定,多位于病变附近,也可在与其距离较远的部位,没有固定位置和名称。它的取穴方法就是以痛为腧,即人们常说的“有痛便是穴”。用按揉的方法,时间1~2分钟。

按揉血海穴

血海穴位于髌底内侧端上2寸,股内侧肌隆起处。血海具有理血调经、疏筋活血的功效。膝痛多为风寒湿邪入络,按揉此穴1~2分钟,盖取“治风先治血,血行风自灭”之意,可以行血活血,血行祛风而疗膝痛。

揉叩阳陵泉

阳陵泉穴位于小腿腓骨小头前下方凹陷处。为八会穴之筋会,是治疗筋病的要穴,具有疏泄肝胆、清热利湿、舒筋通络的功效。《铜人腧穴针灸图经》:“阳陵泉,治膝伸不得屈,冷痹脚不仁,偏风半身不遂,脚冷无血色。”治疗膝痛,可以按揉或手握空拳轻轻叩击阳陵泉1~2分钟。

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    2018-03-28 whmdzju
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    2017-11-01 cscs

    蛮实用的

    0

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    2017-10-31 lmm397
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    2017-10-29 wxl882001

    学习一下

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