AP&T: 接种乙肝疫苗可显着降低乙肝病毒感染率和肝细胞癌发病率

2022-08-13 xuyihan MedSci原创

hbv一般指乙型肝炎病毒。 乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B)是引起乙型肝炎(简称乙肝)的病原体,属嗜肝DNA病毒科,该科病毒包含正嗜肝DNA病毒属和禽嗜肝DNA病毒属两个属。

世界卫生组织 (WHO) 于2016年6月发布了第一个全球卫生部门病毒性肝炎战略,该战略有助于实现到2030年将慢性病毒性肝炎发病率和死亡率分别降低90%和65%。对所有新生儿进行普遍的HBV疫苗接种是预防慢性 HBV 感染的最重要策略。自1988年以来,香港已为所有新生儿普遍接种疫苗,这导致儿童和青年慢性乙肝病毒感染率显着下降。然而,在来自世界其他地区的不断移民的存在下,慢性乙肝病毒感染的流行率在过去几年中一直保持在大约 6% 的水平。本项研究旨在评估HBV疫苗接种对慢性HBV感染率、肝细胞癌(HCC)和肝脏事件发生率的影响。

 

 

这是一项回顾性观察性队列研究,研究对象为1970年至2002年出生并检查乙型肝炎表面抗原 (HBsAg) 的成年受试者。慢性 HBV 感染定义为乙型肝炎表面抗原 (HBsAg) 阳性至少6个月,主要观察事件是HCC的发生率。

 

 

最后本项共纳入了695925名受试者进行HBV流行率分析。慢性HBV感染从1970年出生的受试者中的14.3%下降到1988年出生的受试者中的6.7%。总共有53960名接种疫苗和 318290 名未接种疫苗的有可用临床数据的受试者被纳入事件分析。HCC 和肝脏事件分别发生在44名 (0.1%) 和75名 (0.1%) 的接种对象和1305名 (0.4%) 和1806名 (0.6%) 的未接种对象中。在调整年龄、性别和抗病毒治疗后,接种疫苗的受试者的所有发病率在数值上仍然较低,但由于发病率非常低,未能达到统计学意义。

 

 

本项研究证实普遍接种HBV疫苗可显着降低慢性 HBV 感染的患病率,并可能有助于降低 HCC 和肝脏事件的发生率。

 

 

 

原始出处:

Grace Lai-Hung Wong. Universal HBV vaccination dramatically reduces the prevalence of HBV infection and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2022.

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    2022-09-05 xjy02
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