PICOS——循证医学中临床证据的起点

2014-12-11 李楠,赵一鸣 北医三院临床流行病和循证医学中心

一、引子 当下的医生,最常被忽悠的概念之一就是循证医学。近几年循证医学的发展非常迅猛,很多学会也都成立了相应的学组。当和医生聊起循证医学的时候,几乎所有医生都会不打磕巴儿的说上一大套。但是回想一下我们的临床工作,又有多少医生能够真正做到循证实践,或是以提供证据为出发点开展研究呢? 其实在我们的临床工作中,常会在两个阶段体会到循证医学的重要性, 一是在临床工作中遇到了问题,需要寻找

一、引子


当下的医生,最常被忽悠的概念之一就是循证医学。近几年循证医学的发展非常迅猛,很多学会也都成立了相应的学组。当和医生聊起循证医学的时候,几乎所有医生都会不打磕巴儿的说上一大套。但是回想一下我们的临床工作,又有多少医生能够真正做到循证实践,或是以提供证据为出发点开展研究呢?

其实在我们的临床工作中,常会在两个阶段体会到循证医学的重要性,
一是在临床工作中遇到了问题,需要寻找已发表的临床证据的时候;
二是想把经验上升为临床证据,或综合已有临床证据(比如进行系统综述)的时候。

而此时,我们往往会有些无从下手的感觉。其实无论是循证临床实践,还是进行系统综述,我们首先要面对的是构建出我们的临床问题,这就不得不提到大名鼎鼎的临床问题构建工具PICOS了。

二、PICOS是什么

PICOS是Participants(研究对象),Intervention(干预),Control(对照),Outcome(结局),Study design(研究设计)的缩写,其实最早以前只有PICO,后来才加了个S。不同规范对PICOS的内涵解释略有出入,但总的来说,其目的只有一个,就是通过PICOS这几个维度,把“临床问题”这个不容易被定位的问题,用标准化的方法表述出来。也只有这样才能够进行进一步工作。



*表格引自: 曾宪涛,孙竹,汤红明. Meta分析系列之十:合格标准的制定. 中国循证心血管医学杂志2013,5(1):6-9.

三、如何用PICOS构建临床问题

1、情景一:某消化科接待的一个HP感染患者,常规抗HP治疗两周后,患者复查呼气试验还是阳性,到底要不要继续治疗呢?是一个认真、有责任心、具备循证医学素养的高水平医生,所以他想到了要找找看有没有好的证据。那么问题来了,检索文献的时候从何开始呢?答案当然是PICOS。他要确定如下几个要素:

P:HP感染常规治疗2周无效的患者;
I:继续进行抗HP治疗;
C:停止治疗/变更治疗;
O:HP感染转阴;
S:Meta分析/RCT/队列。
拆分之后,他就可以去寻找证据了,当然下一步还要进行证据评价之后在使用相应的证据。

2、情景二:目前关于强迫症患者是否需要在药物治疗的基础上联合认知行为治疗存在分歧,同时存在支持用或不用联合治疗的证据(黄芳芳,李占江等,2013)。一批有理想有抱负的医生希望通过自己的努力,以Meta分析的形式综合现有研究结果。那么问题来了,我们应该怎么确定题目并筛选文献呢?同样是PICOS:

P:被明确诊断为强迫症的成年患者;
I:认知行为治疗联合药物治疗;
C:单纯药物治疗;
O:耶鲁一布朗强迫量表改善;
S:RCT。
然后就可以拟定题目并开始系统综述的设计了。

总之,PICOS在循证医学的各阶段都发挥这作用,而其作用点恰恰抓住了循证的牛鼻子,从PICOS开始,一个循证医学研究或实践得以成长开来。

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    2023-11-30 ms4000001451254608 来自新疆

    您好 您文中的图表引用自哪里?

    0

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    2015-06-06 cy0324
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2172081, encodeId=54c321e20816a, content=您好 您文中的图表引用自哪里?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4fee8467126, createdName=ms4000001451254608, createdTime=Thu Nov 30 12:20:57 CST 2023, time=2023-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=新疆), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1789057, encodeId=53281e89057bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ab40142625d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PICO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14262, encryptionId=ab40142625d, topicName=PICO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=63a4277, createdName=cy0324, createdTime=Sat Jun 06 18:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1636082, encodeId=8c231636082d1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=934b23012e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床证据#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23012, encryptionId=934b23012e9, topicName=临床证据)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d25622584555, createdName=more is better!, createdTime=Mon May 25 08:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1935474, encodeId=84e119354e430, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fde214263f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PICOS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14263, encryptionId=fde214263f5, topicName=PICOS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK17mLkWpia3T92NlEWTkEhrhZa7XPNic2JqQumEicZXGYFG6Ww5SCIl0Uq62bhhPnibAqIZDHtRva92A/132, createdBy=e0752500025, createdName=江川靖瑶, createdTime=Wed Mar 18 19:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=14597, encodeId=1e0c1459e06, content=meta分析时可用来梳理原始研究的方法和原则, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=76f6105517, createdName=Jiangyh0406, createdTime=Fri Jan 23 18:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=13304, encodeId=9f0313304b2, content=嗯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=156, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=, createdTime=Fri Dec 19 09:12:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=13145, encodeId=d98b131453b, content=循证医学的成果的确是是开展临床工作很好的指导!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fae89672, createdName=graceshelley, createdTime=Tue Dec 16 16:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1379444, encodeId=7aa613e94440b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f12504e147' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#循证医学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50471, encryptionId=4f12504e147, topicName=循证医学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49cf452, createdName=xsm918, createdTime=Sat Dec 13 00:46:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1449666, encodeId=eebe1449666d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0bd850468be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#循证#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50468, encryptionId=0bd850468be, topicName=循证)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fca95510093, createdName=xjy04, createdTime=Sat Dec 13 00:46:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2172081, encodeId=54c321e20816a, content=您好 您文中的图表引用自哪里?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4fee8467126, createdName=ms4000001451254608, createdTime=Thu Nov 30 12:20:57 CST 2023, time=2023-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=新疆), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1789057, encodeId=53281e89057bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ab40142625d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PICO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14262, encryptionId=ab40142625d, topicName=PICO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=63a4277, createdName=cy0324, createdTime=Sat Jun 06 18:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1636082, encodeId=8c231636082d1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=934b23012e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床证据#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23012, encryptionId=934b23012e9, topicName=临床证据)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d25622584555, createdName=more is better!, createdTime=Mon May 25 08:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1935474, encodeId=84e119354e430, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fde214263f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PICOS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14263, encryptionId=fde214263f5, topicName=PICOS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK17mLkWpia3T92NlEWTkEhrhZa7XPNic2JqQumEicZXGYFG6Ww5SCIl0Uq62bhhPnibAqIZDHtRva92A/132, createdBy=e0752500025, createdName=江川靖瑶, createdTime=Wed Mar 18 19:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=14597, encodeId=1e0c1459e06, content=meta分析时可用来梳理原始研究的方法和原则, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=76f6105517, createdName=Jiangyh0406, createdTime=Fri Jan 23 18:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=13304, encodeId=9f0313304b2, content=嗯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=156, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=, createdTime=Fri Dec 19 09:12:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=13145, encodeId=d98b131453b, content=循证医学的成果的确是是开展临床工作很好的指导!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fae89672, createdName=graceshelley, createdTime=Tue Dec 16 16:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1379444, encodeId=7aa613e94440b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f12504e147' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#循证医学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50471, encryptionId=4f12504e147, topicName=循证医学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49cf452, createdName=xsm918, createdTime=Sat Dec 13 00:46:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1449666, encodeId=eebe1449666d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0bd850468be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#循证#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50468, encryptionId=0bd850468be, topicName=循证)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fca95510093, createdName=xjy04, createdTime=Sat Dec 13 00:46:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-01-23 Jiangyh0406

    meta分析时可用来梳理原始研究的方法和原则

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2172081, encodeId=54c321e20816a, content=您好 您文中的图表引用自哪里?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4fee8467126, createdName=ms4000001451254608, createdTime=Thu Nov 30 12:20:57 CST 2023, time=2023-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=新疆), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1789057, encodeId=53281e89057bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ab40142625d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PICO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14262, encryptionId=ab40142625d, topicName=PICO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=63a4277, createdName=cy0324, createdTime=Sat Jun 06 18:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1636082, encodeId=8c231636082d1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=934b23012e9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#临床证据#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23012, encryptionId=934b23012e9, topicName=临床证据)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=d25622584555, createdName=more is better!, createdTime=Mon May 25 08:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1935474, encodeId=84e119354e430, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fde214263f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PICOS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14263, encryptionId=fde214263f5, topicName=PICOS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK17mLkWpia3T92NlEWTkEhrhZa7XPNic2JqQumEicZXGYFG6Ww5SCIl0Uq62bhhPnibAqIZDHtRva92A/132, createdBy=e0752500025, createdName=江川靖瑶, createdTime=Wed Mar 18 19:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=14597, encodeId=1e0c1459e06, content=meta分析时可用来梳理原始研究的方法和原则, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=147, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=76f6105517, createdName=Jiangyh0406, createdTime=Fri Jan 23 18:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=13304, encodeId=9f0313304b2, content=嗯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=156, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=, createdTime=Fri Dec 19 09:12:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=13145, encodeId=d98b131453b, content=循证医学的成果的确是是开展临床工作很好的指导!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fae89672, createdName=graceshelley, createdTime=Tue Dec 16 16:37:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1379444, encodeId=7aa613e94440b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f12504e147' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#循证医学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50471, encryptionId=4f12504e147, topicName=循证医学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49cf452, createdName=xsm918, createdTime=Sat Dec 13 00:46:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1449666, encodeId=eebe1449666d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0bd850468be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#循证#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50468, encryptionId=0bd850468be, topicName=循证)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fca95510093, createdName=xjy04, createdTime=Sat Dec 13 00:46:00 CST 2014, time=2014-12-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-12-19 匿名用户

    0

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    2014-12-16 graceshelley

    循证医学的成果的确是是开展临床工作很好的指导!

    0

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    2014-12-13 xjy04

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