Int J Environ Res Public Health:耳塞预防噪声诱导听力损失的效果评价

2021-07-31 AlexYang MedSci原创

噪声诱发的听力损失(NIHL)是美国成年人中第三大流行的慢性身体疾病。在中国,全国职业健康监测系统报告的2016年职业性噪声诱发的耳聋有1220例,比2014年年增长率为24.2%。在职业健康领域,建

噪声诱发的听力损失(NIHL)是美国成年人中第三大流行的慢性身体疾病。在中国,全国职业健康监测系统报告的2016年职业性噪声诱发的耳聋有1220例,比2014年年增长率为24.2%。在职业健康领域,建议采用优先控制接触源的分级控制方法,因为它比涉及个人防护设备的控制措施更有效,同时对劳动者的负担更轻,对行为的依赖性更小。然而,在实践中(以及从文献中),提供听力保护装置(HPD)是减少噪声暴露的最常见方法。

近期,有研究人员对中国一家汽车零部件厂的385名暴露于噪声的工人和1268名非暴露于噪声的卫生部门员工进行了调查

研究人员对他们进行了个人8小时A加权等效声级(LAeq,8h)、耳塞个人衰减评级(PAR)和纯音听力测试。结果发现,暴露在噪音中的工人的平均LAeq,8h为87分贝(A),平均PAR为7分贝。暴露在噪音中工人的高频听力损失的发生率为65%,非暴露在噪音中的员工为33%。使用耳塞对研究参与者的高频听力损失的发生率没有明显的影响(OR 0.964,95%CI 0.925-1.005,P=0.085)。另外,耳塞提供的有效性与3、4、6kHz的高频听力阈值之间没有发现明显的关系(t=-1.54,p=0.125)。强制要求使用耳塞而不对如何正确佩戴HPD进行个别培训,对预防汽车零部件厂工人的听力损失没有明显的益处。

女性工作人员在不同频率和年龄组的听力阈值比较

综上所述,所调查工厂的听力保护计划并不有效。研究人员建议职业健康和安全计划应该定期进行听力测试,耳塞佩戴测试,扩展提供不同类型的听力保护,并对员工进行保护听力重要性的教育

原始出处:

Wei Gong , Liangliang Zhao , Ling Li et al. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Earplugs in Preventing Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in an Auto Parts Factory in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Jul 2021

 

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    2021-08-01 shizhenshan
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    2021-08-02 ysjykql
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    2021-08-02 huagfeg
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    2021-08-02 july_979
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    2021-08-02 xinmeili
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    2021-08-01 CHANGE

    疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的

    0

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