Lancet:脊髓灰质炎疫苗研究

2016-05-21 Mechront 译 MedSci原创

研究者对拉丁美洲的婴儿进行了一项研究,评估接种双价口服脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗类型1和3(bOPV)联合0、1或2剂量的灭活脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗(IPV)后,婴儿的体液和肠道免疫情况。 该研究纳入了哥伦比亚、多米尼加共和国、危地马拉、巴拿马四个地区的6周足月婴儿,第一次接种疫苗时体检结果正常,没有急慢性病,随机分为9组,其中有5组的数据将在本报告中讨论,组1和组2(对照组)在第6、10、14周接种b

研究者对拉丁美洲的婴儿进行了一项研究,评估接种双价口服脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗类型1和3(bOPV)联合0、1或2剂量的灭活脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗(IPV)后,婴儿的体液和肠道免疫情况。

该研究纳入了哥伦比亚、多米尼加共和国、危地马拉、巴拿马四个地区的6周足月婴儿,第一次接种疫苗时体检结果正常,没有急慢性病,随机分为9组,其中有5组的数据将在本报告中讨论,组1和组2(对照组)在第6、10、14周接种bOPV;组3在第6、10、14周接种三价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗(tOPV);组4在第14周接种bOPV+1个剂量的IPV;组5在第14、36周接种bOPV+2个剂量的IPV。组1、3、4的婴儿在第18周接种单价2型疫苗(mOPV2),组2和组5则在第40周接种该疫苗。采用符合方案数据分析评估bOPV–IPV计划和单独bOPV的优劣性,评估所有三个血清型的体液免疫和2型的肠道免疫。接种疫苗6个月内对严重和医学上重要地不良事件进行了监测。

2013年5月20日至2013年8月15日之间共有940名婴儿分到5个组(组1到组5分别有210、210、100、210、210人),其中组1中有名婴儿因为父母不同意而退出研究。三个剂量的bOPV或tOPV引起1型和3型的血清转化至少为97.7%。仅仅接种bOPV,2型的血清转化为19/198(9·6%, 95% CI 6·2–14·5);仅仅接种tOPV,该数据为86/88(97·7%, 92·1–99·4)(p<0·0001 vs bOPV);bOPV+1个剂量IPV组该数据为156/194 (80·4%, 74·3–85·4)(p<0·0001 vs bOPV)。后一组婴儿(20/193(10%))mOPV2挑战1周后,98%的对2型血清反应阳性。bOPV+2个剂量IPV接种后,193名婴儿其2型的血清转化达100%(98·0–100; p<0·0001 vs bOPV)。mOPV2挑战后IPV诱导了小但显着的血清型2病毒传染综合指数的降低 。

研究期间有20名患者发生了21例严重不良事件,其中2例可能与疫苗有关,大多数严重不良事件(18/21 [86%])和重要的医学事件(24/30 [80%])为感染和寄生虫感染。在研究过程中没有死亡发生。

研究结果表明,对血清1型和3型bOPV可以提供与tOPV相似的体液免疫;bOPV联合1或2个剂量的IPV后,婴儿的血清转化分别可达80%和100%,此外疫苗接种一定程度上可诱导对2型脊髓灰质炎病毒的肠道免疫。

原始出处:

Edwin J Asturias, Ananda S Bandyopadhyay, et al.Humoral and intestinal immunity induced by new schedules of bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine and one or two doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in Latin American infants: an open-label randomised controlled trial.The Lancet.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00703-0

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    2016-12-02 howi
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