NEJM:急性大动脉闭塞,桥接还是不桥接?

2020-06-30 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

当血管内血栓切除术可行并能及时进行,或存在局部脑灌注与梗死之间的不匹配,其已成为前循环大血管闭塞性急性缺血性卒中患者的标准治疗方法之一。以前进行过血管内治疗与静脉注射溶栓剂阿替普酶的比较。

血管血栓切除术可行并能及时进行,或存在局部脑灌注与梗死之间的不匹配,其已成为前循环大血管闭塞性急性缺血性卒中患者的标准治疗方法之一。以前进行过血管内治疗与静脉注射溶栓剂阿替普酶的比较。然而,对于缺血性卒中患者,在血栓切除术前和术中使用阿替普酶的作用仍存在不确定性。阿替普酶可增加缺血区域的早期再灌注,并且能够溶解掉血管内血栓切除术后远端残留的血栓。然而,对于近端较大的血栓,静脉注射阿替普酶的溶解作用是有限的,并且血栓部分溶解可使靶血栓破裂或使其向血管远端迁移,使血管内血栓切除术变得更加复杂。静脉注射阿替普酶也可能增加脑出血的风险。观察研究的荟萃分析表明,单独血管内血栓切除术和标准阿替普酶联合血栓切除术的疗效是相当的,但比较这两种方法的随机试验是有限的。

2020年5月来自中国上海长海医院的刘建民教授等在 NEJM 上公布了Direct-MT试验结果,以确定前循环大血管闭塞性急性缺血性脑卒中患者采取单纯血管内血栓切除术是否不劣于(noninferior)血管内治疗行血栓切除术前联合静脉阿替普酶溶栓治疗。

该研究为研究者发起,多中心,前瞻性,随机,开放标签,盲法评定预后的临床试验,由中国18个省市共41家大学三家医疗中心(要求上一年必须进行过至少30例血管内血栓切除的手术)参与。纳入了适合静脉阿替普酶溶栓和血管内血栓切除术的急性缺血性卒中患者。这些患者的CTA提示颈内动脉(末端和非末端[nonterminus]闭塞)颅内段闭塞,或MCA M1段或M2段近端或both闭塞。这些患者能够在发病4.5h 内接受静脉阿替普酶溶栓治疗;NIHSS 至少2分。ASPECTS 评分并不是必要的纳入标准。按照 AHA/ASA 指南,卒中前残疾(mRS>2)或静脉溶栓禁忌症者不能纳入该试验。

纳入的患者按照1:1的比例随机(根据治疗中心分层)分为单纯血管内血栓切除术组或联合治疗组(静脉阿替普酶溶栓联合血管内血栓切除术,静脉溶栓的方案遵照 AHA 指南)。联合治疗组在血管内血栓切除术期间,也可以输注阿替普酶直到输注完毕,即使已经成功血管再通。单纯血管内治疗组,手术前或期间都不允许输注阿替普酶。作为挽救性治疗,两组都允许动脉内给予阿替普酶(最大剂量30mg)或尿激酶(最大剂量40万 U)。

主要结局指标为随机后90天 mRS,并分析其非劣性。如果主要分析提示存在优效的可能,那么优效可以按照二级目标进行验讫。

筛查了1586例患者,纳入了656例,其中单独血栓切除术组327例,联合治疗组329例。就主要结局而言,单独血管内血栓切除术不劣于静脉阿替普酶联合血管内血栓切除术(调整后cOR,1.07;95% CI,0.81-1.40;非劣效性P=0.04)。单独血管内血栓切除术组的血栓切除术前成功再灌注的患者比例更低(2.4% vs 7%),总体成功再灌注也低(79.4% vs. 84.5%)。90天死亡率分别为17.7%和18.8%。

单纯血管内治疗组和联合治疗组的感兴趣的基线数据:年龄,69 vs 69;NIHSS,17 vs 17;房颤病史,46.5% vs 45.3%;平均 ASPECTS,9 vs 9;心源性病因,44.6% vs 43.8%;颅内动脉粥样硬化,8 vs 5.8%;不明病因,37% vs 41.6%;从发病到随机,167 vs 177min;从随机到开始阿替普酶,NA vs 7min;从随机到股动脉穿刺,31 vs 36min(这个厉害:静脉溶栓仅仅造成了5min 的延迟!!!如果更长时间的延迟,会得到什么样的结果呢?);从随机到血管再通,102 vs 96min;从入院到静脉溶栓,NA vs 59min;从入院到股动脉穿刺,84 vs 85.5min;颅内 ICA 闭塞,35 vs 35%;M1段,50.3% vs 54.6%。

其他数据,24h NIHSS,12 vs 12;5-7天或出院时 NIHSS,8 vs 8;eTICI 2b 2c或3;79.4% vs 84.5%;24-72h 再通率(CTA),85.1% vs 89.1%;CT 上病灶体积,36.3 vs 36.7ml;无症状颅内出血,33.3% vs 36.2%;症状性颅内出血,4.3% vs 6.1%;5-7天新区域梗死, 3.4% vs 2.7%;大面积或恶性 MCA 梗死,12.8% vs 13.1%;手术并发症,血管夹层,2.4% vs 1.5%;造影剂外渗,1.8% vs 3%;新区域栓塞,10.7% vs 9.4%;股动脉并发症,0.6% vs 0.3%。

最终作者认为,在中国,对于大血管闭塞性急性缺血性卒中患者,单独血管内血栓切除术在功能结局方面不劣于(在20%的置信区间内)血管内血栓切除术前给予阿替普酶(发病4.5h 内静脉溶栓)治疗。

译者注:

1.   从随机到股动脉穿刺,31 vs 36min。这个厉害:静脉溶栓仅仅造成了5min 的延迟!!!如果更长时间的延迟,会得到什么样的结果呢?在真实世界中,这可能是一个重要问题。

2.   颅内动脉粥样硬化的比例偏低了,5.8%-8%,与以前亚洲人群的数据有差别,这个差别会不会影响试验结果呢?

3.   该试验要求随机前必须 CTA 检查,CTA 检查造成的时间延误是多少?CTA 延误会影响静脉溶栓的疗效。

原始出处:Pengfei Yang, Yongwei Zhang,  Lei Zhang,  et al.  Endovascular Thrombectomy With or Without Intravenous Alteplase in Acute Stroke. N Engl J Med. 2020 May 21

 

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    2021-07-25 小小医者

    #长海医院##刘建民#教授,今年又发表一篇NEJM文章,太牛

    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1002574, encodeId=7e4d10025e4e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=16b99e058cd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#长海医院#</a>的<a href='/topic/show?id=650f1043e72b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#刘建民#</a>教授,今年又发表一篇NEJM文章,太牛, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97058, encryptionId=16b99e058cd, topicName=长海医院), TopicDto(id=104377, encryptionId=650f1043e72b, topicName=刘建民)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Sun Jul 25 20:44:03 CST 2021, time=2021-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2022218, encodeId=54ee2022218c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cbec3334967' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#动脉闭塞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33349, encryptionId=cbec3334967, topicName=动脉闭塞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/017ED6AFEB45F49165298113DDC0656A/100, createdBy=84182500174, createdName=ms7019579240139182, createdTime=Tue Apr 27 22:59:18 CST 2021, time=2021-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1634427, encodeId=5140163442e5d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=feb443629bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#大动脉闭塞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=43629, encryptionId=feb443629bf, topicName=大动脉闭塞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=54ae22169702, createdName=liuyg0235, createdTime=Thu Nov 12 01:59:18 CST 2020, time=2020-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=802948, encodeId=701c8029481d, content=精彩绝伦的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJlfgys76DEiaNtbYo2re3ibjrUPTRibEXRyFwAB4aAGiave842S0FQDf0wAoaH226NiaSoPPDzhndsf1g/132, createdBy=88b489038, createdName=yangchou, createdTime=Thu Jul 16 05:52:19 CST 2020, time=2020-07-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1035327, encodeId=0804103532e2c, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Wed Jul 01 02:59:18 CST 2020, time=2020-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-07-16 yangchou

    精彩绝伦的文章

    0

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    2020-07-01 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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