Journal of Pediatrics :震惊!自杀已成为青少年第二大死因,农村高于城市!

2021-07-18 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

6月17日,世卫组织发布《2019年全球自杀状况》报告中最新估计,2019年,有70多万人死于自杀,即每100例死亡中有1例是自杀,自杀仍然是全世界的主要死因之一。

617日,世卫组织发布《2019年全球自杀状况》报告中最新估计,2019年,有70多万人死于自杀,即每100例死亡中有1例是自杀,自杀仍然是全世界的主要死因之一。在美国,自杀已成为1218岁青少年的第二大死因。据数据显示,2019年,有20901218岁青少年自杀,也就是说每10万人中有7.1人自杀。同时,在1519岁的青少年中,因有自杀念头或企图自杀而到医院急诊科就诊的人数正在增加,其中在2008年至2015年间观察到黑人、西班牙裔和女性青少年的增幅最大。

CCO

近日,发表在Journal of Pediatrics杂志的一项研究显示,在美国,与城市青少年相比,农村青少年因自残到急诊(ED)就诊的比例高出近40%。更令人震惊的是,在农村,青少年因枪伤而到ED就诊比城市高出3倍。

在这项研究中,研究人员对2016年美国所有急诊科5-19岁(N=297,640)有自杀意念或自残的全国青少年数据进行回顾性分析,比较不同城市和农村的青少年因自杀意念和/或自残而到ED就诊的就诊率。

结果显示,在因自杀意念/自残而到ED就诊的患者中,中位年龄为16岁,65.9%青少年为女性,15.9%青少年居住在农村,0.1%青少年导致死亡。调整后的自杀意念/自残的ED就诊率在城市和农村并没有明显差异。

对于自残就诊子集,与城市地区相比,农村和非核心地区的ED就诊率明显更高。当按伤害机制分层时,生活在农村的青少年因枪伤而到医院就诊的比率高于城市(aIRR=3.0395%CI 1.326.74)。

研究者表示,多种因素导致农村青少年的自杀率和自残率较高,且农村地区获得精神保健服务是一个巨大的挑战。因有自杀意念或自残而到急诊就诊的农村青年也更有可能需要被转移到另一家医院接受治疗,这凸显了农村医院的精神卫生资源不足。此外,农村地区较低的家庭收入和较高的失业率可能会导致医疗保险覆盖面不佳,尤其是心理健康方面。在农村更有可能获得枪支,与枪支相关的自杀显著升高。

最后,研究者强调,我们需要对所有在急诊室就诊的 10 岁及以上儿童和青少年进行普遍的自杀意念筛查,以识别有风险的青少年并在悲剧发生之前进行干预。同时,我们应该为农村地区分配更多基础保健资源,帮助早期诊断和治疗青少年心理健康问题。

原始出处

Jennifer A. Hoffmann et al, Emergency Department Visits for Suicidal Ideation and Self-Harm in Rural and Urban Youth, The Journal of Pediatrics (2021). DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.07.013

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    2022-06-14 hbwxf
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    2022-04-03 feather89
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    2021-07-20 daviiliu
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    2021-07-18 ms7000001053200935

    学习

    0

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